What is the general formula of alkanes?, CnH2n+2, Do alkanes react with bromine water in the dark?, No, only in UV light (radical substitution)., Why do alkenes decolourise bromine water?, Electrophilic addition to the C=C bond., What type of bond makes alkenes more reactive than alkanes?, The π bond., Write the product of ethene + Br₂, 1,2-dibromoethane, What mechanism describes ethene + Br₂?, Electrophilic addition., Which intermediate forms during Br₂ addition to an alkene?, Bromonium ion., What is Markovnikov’s rule?, In HX addition, H attaches to the carbon with more hydrogens already attached., What type of reaction do halogenoalkanes undergo with NaOH(aq)?, Nucleophilic substitution., Which mechanism is typical for primary halogenoalkanes?, SN2 (one-step mechanism)., Which mechanism is typical for tertiary halogenoalkanes?, SN1 (two-step via carbocation)., What is observed when AgNO₃ is added after the hydrolysis of 1-bromobutane?, Cream precipitate, What precipitate indicates Cl⁻ ions ?, White ppt., What precipitate indicates I⁻ ions ?, Yellow ppt., Why do tertiary halogenoalkanes hydrolyse faster?, They form more stable carbocations., Write the product of the hydrolysis of 1-bromopropane with NaOH., Propan-1-ol., What solvent favours elimination over substitution in halogenoalkanes?, Ethanolic KOH, What product forms from the elimination of 2-bromopropane with ethanolic KOH?, Propene., What is substitution?, Replacement of one atom/group with another., What is addition?, Two molecules combine to form one product., What is elimination?, Removal of atoms/groups to form a double bond., What is a nucleophile?, A species that donates an electron pair., What happens in the SN2 mechanism?, Nucleophile attacks carbon at the same time as the leaving group departs., What happens in the SN1 mechanism?, Leaving group departs first, carbocation forms, nucleophile attacks., Why does elimination compete with substitution?, Both involve attack by a base/nucleophile on halogenoalkanes; conditions determine the pathway.
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Week 18.
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