Central dogma, The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein., Replication, The process by which DNA is copied before cell division., Transcription, The process of making an RNA copy of a DNA sequence., Translation, The process of using the instructions in mRNA to assemble amino acids into a protein., Genotype, The genetic makeup of an organism; the specific alleles it carries., Phenotype, The observable physical and physiological traits of an organism., Gene expression, The process by which the information in DNA is used to produce proteins., Environment, External factors (such as temperature, nutrition, and light) that can influence how genes are expressed..

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