Lumbar Strain and Sprain, Mechanical pain aggravated by movement, relieved by rest with no neurological deficits., Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD), A chronic aching pain worse with prolonged sitting. Slow onset and no radicular symptoms., Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP), Sharp radiculopathy, confirmed with a straight leg raise causing considerable pain., Spinal Stenosis, Leg pain and heaviness when walking or standing, classic 'shopping cart sign' as symptoms improve on leaning forward., Spondylolysis, A deep, dull ache in the lower back differentiated by the 'Stork Test', pain while standing on one leg, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Chronic pain that improves with exercise and is worse at rest, notable morning stiffness and late stage 'bamboo spine', Osteoporotic Compression Fracture, Sudden, localised bone pain following a trigger, extreme point tenderness over a specific spinous process, notable kyphosis, Multiple Myeloma, Worsening pain with associated high levels of Calcium, Renal failure, Anaemia and Bone pain (CRAB). Normal ALP but high ESR., Metastatic Bone Disease, Non mechanical pain, worsens on laying down and notable nocturnal presentation. Raised ALP., Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES), Bilateral leg pain, saddle anesthesia and loss of anal tone, Osteomyelitis, Pain builds up over several days, associated fever and systemic illness with intense spinal tenderness., Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA), Sudden onset 'boring' pain, with an associated pulsatile abdominal mass, Paget's Disease of Bone, Deep bone ache in elderly patients, isolated raised ALP but normal calcium and phosphate levels., Pyelonephritis, Dull, unilateral flank pain, with no relief on positional changes and acute agony on percussion, Scheuermann's Disease, Achy mid back in juveniles that worsens with activity leading to fixed hyperkyphosis

Back Pain

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