To say something required or desired didn’t happen (or the opposite!)., Tim should have told the truth to his parents., They shouldn’t have gone off the beaten track; it’s dangerous!, Regret, I ought to have known that the exam was this morning!, To express criticism, Fred ought not to have called so late at night. He knows she’s ill., To show annoyance, Sam could have let me know about the test earlier!, Laura might have tried harder to find the coat of mine she lost!, Prediction based on known information, The film should have finished by now because it started hours ago.

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