canon, a melody imitated by another part a fixed distance later, overlapping with the original. Deane uses short distances between entries to create an unstable mood , inversion, a melody played upside down, retrograde, a melody played in reverse , addition, a motif that s repeated a number of times, starting with just one note from the motif, each time a note is added until the motif is completed, subtraction , a motif that is repeated a number of times, each time another note is taken away until only 1 note remains, augmentation , Rhythm values are doubled compared to their original form, diminution, rhythm values are halved compared to their original from , changing between unusual time signatures , creates an unstable mood , cell, the use of a small number of notes to create a melody , 3 note cell, g, a, c, totentanz/ Danse Macabre rhythms , represent the theme of death, chord clusters, chords that contain notes that are a semitone or tone apart, creating dissonance , dies irae , Motif, harmonics, overtones that create a wispy, ethereal sound. String players lightly touch the string. Cymbal players draw bow over the rim of cymbal. Sign: o, laissez vibrer, let vibrate. This applied to percussion instruments. Piano uses sustained pedal. Sign: L.V, sul ponticello, draw the bow across the strings at the bridge, creating a ghostly sound. Used by string players. Sign: sul pont , col lengo battuto, tapping the strings with the wooden side of the bow. Used by string players. Sign: col lengo batt. OR c.l. , double stopping, play two notes at the same time to play a chord with two notes , pizzicato + , left hand pizzicato. Sign: pizz + , bartok pizzicato , plucking the strings with force. (Also called snap pizzicato). Sign: -0 (upways), strum, string plays strum their instrument like a guitar, glissando , sliding from one pitch to another. Sign: gliss , senza vibrato, without wavering the pitch. Sign: senza vib, tremolo, rapid bowing of the note. Sign: note with three lines through, flutter tonguing , flute/ piccolo players produce a rolled “r” while playing, creating a tremolo effect, 8ba, play an octave below written pitch, 8va, play an octave above written pitch, 15ma, play 2 octaves above written pitch , loco, play at notated pitch.

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