Gene, A sequence of DNA that codes for building a specific protein that determines our traits. Ex Gene for Hair Color, Allele, version of gene (usually there are 2 versions) Ex. Plant height gene: allele for T (tall) and t (short), Genotype, The genetic makeup of the organism. (the letters), Phenotype, The organism's expressed traits-what we actually SEE! Ex. Tall, short, purple, white etc, Homozygous, ame alleles for a gene Ex. Homozygous Dominant AA or Homozygous Recessive aa, Heterozygous, Different alleles for a gene Ex. Aa, Autosomal traits, Genes for these traits are located on AUTOSOMES! (non sex chromosomes), Autosomal Dominant, a trait in which a DOMINANT allele codes for that trait! The heterozygous version of this trait will display the trait., Autosomal Recessive, A trait in which the RECESSIVE allele codes for that trait. A person has to inhereit two recessive alleles in order to display the trait, Sex Linked Traits, Genes for these traits are located on the sex chromosomes. Usually these traits are linked to the X Chromosome. These traits are usually recessive., Sex linked recessive trait, A trait that is RECESSIVE and FOUND on the X CHROMOSOME!, Dihybrid Cross, A cross involving two traits, Monohybrid Cross, a cross involving only 1 trait, FOIL, The method used for making all the possible gametes with the 2 genes. You combine the first alleles of each gene, nex the outer two alleles of the genes, then the inner alles of the genes and finally the last alleles of each gene., Pedigree, a diagram that shows traits/diseases in a family throughout history, Male, a square on a pedigree, Female, A circle on a pedigree, Affected, If a person's shape is filled in on a pedigree they are ..., Mendel's Principle of Dominance, States that some alleles ar4e dominant over the other alleles, Incomplete Dominance, when one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele. The heterozygous genotype is a blend of the two possible phenotypes., Codominance, When both alleles are dominant together., Multiple Alleles, Traits in which there are more than 2 alleles that code for a trait. Ex. blood type, Polygenic Traits, A trait that is controlled by more than one gene and has a large range of in variation.

Unit 7 - Genetics

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