Ecology, the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment, organism, one single living thing, species, a group of organisms similar to one another that can breed and create fertile offspring, Population, A group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live together within a defined area, Communities, groups of populations comprised of many species that live together in a defined area, ecosystem, all the living and nonliving factors in a particular place. An ecosystem can be small or large., Biome, large area that has a particular climate, and particular species of plants and animals that live there (tundra, rainforest, desert), Biosphere, made up of the parts of Earth where life exists—all ecosystems, Biodiversity, the variety of organisms, the organisms genetic differences, and the ecosystems in which they occur., Ecological diversity, the different ecosystems in a region, Tropical rainforest, have the highest biodiversity of all the biomes., Abiotic factors, nonliving factors (soil, pollution, natural disasters, climate), biotic factors, living factors (palm tree, cat, squirrel), energy, all of life's energy comes from the sun, Primary productivity, the rate at which producers make energy (from sunlight), Producers, make their own food (plants), Consumers (heterotrophs), organisms that consume other organisms for food., Herbivore, consumer that eats plants, Carnivore, consumer that eats meat, omnivore, consumer that eats both plants and animals, Detritivores, organisms that obtain their energy from dead matter or waste ( Ex- vultures, crabs, earthworms), Decomposer, cause decay and release nutrients back into the environment; crucial for the “circle of life” (Ex- bacteria, fungi), Energy, flows in one direction through an ecosystem from the autotrophs to heterotrophs, Trophic levels, an assigned level in a food chain based on how an organism gets energy, first trophic level, always assigned to a producer, Food chain, the path of energy through the trophic levels (energy flow depicted with arrows), arrows in a food chain, arrows point in direction of energy flow, Food web, multiple connected food chains showing the complex interactions within an ecosystem, Ten-percent-law, only 10% of energy is passed on from trophic level to trophic level, Energy pyramid, A diagram that represents the amount of energy stored in the trophic levels., Biomass, the dry weight of living tissue (organic matter) found within a trophic level

Ecology

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