Many years ago, diabetics who needed ____ to survive had to inject ____ or ____ insulin into their ____. Today, the insulin humans inject is human insulin which is produced by ____ such as e-coli bacterium and certain strains of ____. Genetic engineering is the ____ or ____ of the DNA of an organism. Genetic engineering involves ____ a gene from one organism which is called a ____, and transferring it to another organism which is called the ____. The recipient is called a ____ organism. There are two basic requirements of genetic engineering. Sometimes we require large volumes of a ____ to be made, so scientists use ____ microorganisms to produce large volumes of this protein. For example; insulin, growth hormone or ____. For example, a gene that manufactures a toxic chemical in a bacterium, can be introduced to a ____ plant to make that plant ____ to animals that try eat it. ____ production can be used to explain the process of genetic engineering. The insulin ____ gene is located on ____. The insulin gene is cut from chromosome 11 using special enzymes call ____ enzymes. Bacterial DNA is circular and called ____. A plasmid is extracted from the bacterium cell using the same restriction enzymes used to cut the insulin gene from the human chromosome and causes ____ to be exposed. This allows for ____ base pairing The insulin gene is joined to the plasmid by the sticky ends using an enzyme called ____. The modified plasmid is then ____ back into the bacterium cell. This is now called a genetically modified or ____ organism because it contains some ____ DNA as well as bacterium DNA. Its bacterial DNA is called ____ DNA, because it is bacterial DNA recombined with human DNA The cell is placed in a ____ with optimal conditions such as ____, PH and food. Bacteria reproduce ____, therefore all of the offspring produced will be exact ____ of the original transgenic ____. They all have identical recombinant ____ and produce their own DNA along with the human insulin producing DNA. The insulin is then ____, purified and packaged. Humans can now ____ themselves with human insulin.

Genetic Engineering (watch video first: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DIM38NlkWEo)

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