Which are the complications of general Anesthesia during Induction?, Hypersensitivity reactions,  Depression of the CNS / respiratory / cardiovascular systems,  Difficult ventilation,  Aspiration,  All of the above, Which is not the complication of general Anesthesia during Intubation?, Laryngospasm,  Difficult intubation,  Stenosis of trachea,  Endobronchial Intubation,  Esophageal Intubation, Which is not the complication of general Anesthesia during Extubation?, Hypersecretion,  Laryngospasm,  Airway trauma, Residual Neuromuscular Blockade,  Delayed Emergence, Guedels stages of anaesthesia is seen classically with ?, Ether,  Chloroform,  Morphine,  Nitrous oxide,  halothane, To decrease awareness in general anaesthesia, the following is given?, increase depth of anesthesia,  more muscle relaxant used,  premedicate with morphine,  premedicate with atropine, In the immediate post-operative period the common cause of respiratory insufficiency could be because of the following, EXCEPT?, Residual effect of muscle relaxant,  Overdose of narcotic analgesic,  Hypersecretion bronchi,  Mild hypovolemic,  Myocardial infarction, During rapid sequence induction of anesthesia:?, Sellick’s maneuver is not required,  Pre-oxygenation is mandatory,  Suxamethonium is contraindicated,  Long acting muscles relaxants are safe,  Patient is mechanically ventilated before endotracheal intubation, Coughing that occurs during awake intubation is prevented by local anesthetic block of which of the following nerves?, Superior laryngeal and glossopharyngeal,  Superior laryngeal and hypoglossal,  Recurrent laryngeal and glossopharyngeal,  Recurrent laryngeal and superior laryngeal, An induction dose of ketamine is MOST likely to have which of the following effects?, Analgesia, Attenuation of respiratory response to carbon dioxide,  Decreased cerebral metabolic rate,  Preservation of laryngeal reflexes, What characteristic of nitrous oxide MOST likely explains why its alveolar and inspired concentrations equilibrate more rapidly than those of desflurane?, Higher vapor pressure,  Lower blood gas solubility,  Creation of a second gas effect,  Delivery at a higher inspired concentration, What is the PRIMARY purpose of denitrogenation prior to anesthetic induction?, Improving matching of ventilation and perfusion,  Increasing contribution of second gas effect to rate of induction,  Increasing oxygen reserve in the functional residual capacity,  Maximizing arterial oxygen content, Anxiolytics are used to treat:?, Neurosis,  Psychosis,  Narcolepsy,  Bipolar disorders, All are the contraindications of use of Midazolam, except:, Patient with shock,  Patient with coma,  Patient with acute glaucoma,  Patient with epilepsy, All are drugs contraindicated with Midazolam, except:, Nelfinavir,  Ritonavir,  Erythromycin,  Indinavir, Inadequate or excessive dosage or improper administration may result in all, except:, Cerebral hypoxia,  Agitation,  Hyperactivity,  Voluntary movements, All are symptoms of overdose of Midazolam, except:, Loss of coordination,  Drowsiness,  Confusion,  Unable to speak, Anxiolytic agents should:?, Relieve pain,  Reduce anxiety and exert a calming effect,  Improve mood and behavior in patient with psychotic symptoms,  Produce drowsiness, encourage the onset and maintenance of a state of sleep, Anxiolytics are also useful for:?, Treatment of epilepsy and seizures, Insomnia,  Muscle relaxation in specific neuromuscular disorders,  All are corrected, Indicate the agents of choice in the treatment of most anxiety states:?, Barbiturates,  Benzodiazepines,  Lithium salts,  Phenothiazines, The choice of benzodiazepines for anxiety is based on:?, A relatively high therapeutic index,  Availability of flumazenil for treatment of overdose,  A low risk of physiologic dependence,  All are corrected, Which of the following anxiolitics is a benzodiazepine derivative:?, Buspirone,  Clordiazepoxide,  Meprobamate,  Chloral hydrate, Indicate the benzodiazepine, which has the shortest elimination half-life:?, Quazepam,  Triazolam,  Diazepam,  Clorazepate, Which of the following benzodiazepines has the shortest duration of action?, Triazolam,  Clorazepate,  Prazepam,  Clordiazepoxide, Which of the following benzodiazepines is less likely to cause cumulative and residual effects with multiple doses?, Clorazepate,  Quazepam,  Lorazepam,  Prazepam, Anxiolytic dosage reduction is recommended:?, In patients taking cimetidine,  In patients with hepatic dysfunction,  In elderly patients,  All are corrected, What are the requirements for the provision of safe and effective conscious sedation?, Regulation,  Education of the profession,  Education of the patients,  All of the above, Which one of the following sentences is NOT the Principles of Good Sedation Practice?, Consider the range of non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods of anxiety management, It is essential that conscious sedation is provided to the highest possible standards, respecting the rights of patients as individuals., There is no need any staff training about sedation and no need monitoring equipment, The provision of safe and effective conscious sedation requires both regulation and, more importantly, education of the profession and patients., Which of the following statement is NOT the dental fear?, Needle/syringe,  Aggressive assistants,  Extraction,  Drilling, Which of the following statement about pain and anxiety is FALSE?, Pain is a source of anxiety, anxiety is a factor that increases pain, & increased pain incites further anxiety, When anxiety is reduced through psychosedation, the patient’s subjective experience of pain declines significantly, Pain and anxiety is not inter-related,  Anxiety and pain can be reduced through non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods, Which of the following statement is TRUE?, The dentist must exhibit compassion , reassurance, and understanding, and show respect for the phobia and patient, The dentist may ignore the patient's reaction to rush the treatment,  Ignoring the presence of dental fears provokes many positive responses from the patient,  All are corrects, What are the symptoms and signs of anxiety?, Tense posture, show excessive vigilance, Move the hands and feet restlessly,  Speak with a strained,  All of the above, Which of the following statement is NOT the method of anxiety management?, Communication skills,  Distraction Techniques,  Breathing & Relaxation techniques,  Taking anti-anxiety drug a week before the treatment, How do you recognize a patient with anxiety and fear?, The patient looks alert & on guard at all time, arms & legs are tensed,  The patient clutches the arm rest of the dental chair tightly so that their knuckles turn white,  Profuse sweating of palms & forehead, quick actions, answer to questions too quickly,  All of the above, Which of the following statement is NOT the sign of severe anxiety?, Increased blood pressure and heart rate,  Trembling,  Constriction of pupil,  Excessive sweating, Which medication is used for premedication for anxious patients a night before appointment?, Diazepam,  Tegretol,  Tranexamic acid,  Tramadol, Which medication is used for premedication for anxious patients immediately before appointment?, Codalgin,  Midazolam,  Dexamethasone,  Dilantin, Which of the following statement is NOT the stress reduction protocols?, Minimize office waiting time,  Psychosedation during therapy,  Long appointment time,  Adequate pain control during therapy, Why do we need to spend a few moment with patients describing the planned procedure before starting the treatment?, Because it is part of the code of ethic,  Because it can help reduce anxiety and stress for the patients,  Because it can help reduce pain,  All of the above, Which phrases that you should use before giving local anesthetic injection?, I'm going to freeze your teeth,  I’m going to give a shot on your gums,  I'm going to inject local anesthetic on your gums,  All of the above, How to reassure the patients during dental treatments?, By repeating: "You’ll be alright, no worry",  By telling how painful it is,  By saying: "when you want me to stop, please raise your hand. I’ll stop immediately", By repeating: "You’ll be alright, no worry" and By saying: "when you want me to stop, please raise your hand. I’ll stop immediately", What is the calm colour which provides a warm, cheerful environment in the dental office?, Yellow,  Green,  Earth colour,  Dark red, Which of the following statement is TRUE?, Research has shown that dentists who wear white coat does not affect patients' emotion, Research has shown that dental office design and hospitality design unite to create an ambience that reduces fear and anxiety, Study has shown that music does not help patients during dental treatment,  Dentists are not supposed to talk to the patients during dental treatment, Apart from dentists, who else can help to establish line of communication with the patients?, Receptionist,  Dental assistants,  Dental personnel/staff,  All of the above, What are the current advances in anxiety management?, Music intervention,  Breathing techniques & relaxation techniques, Imagery and distraction technique,  All of the above, What is the reason for patient to select a dentist?, A dentist who has got high degrees,  The dentist who cares about his/her patients,  The dentist who has got nice clinic,  The dentist who talks a lot, What are the levels of sedation?, Mild, moderate, and severe levels,  Shallow, medium, and high levels,  Mild, intermediate, and profound levels,  Minimum, moderate, dissociate, and deep levels, Which sedation level that requires assistance in maintaining a patent airway?, Minimum level,  Moderate level,  Dissociated level,  Deep level, Which one of the following statements in NOT the contraindication to conscious sedation?, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,  Gag reflex,  Psychosis,  Acute narrow-angle glaucoma, How much Midazolam 5mg/1ml solution mixed with Paracetamol syrup or sweet drink for 20kg child?, 0.5 ml,  1 ml,  1.5 ml,  2 ml, What is the half-life of Midazolam injectable used as oral solution in children?, 15 minutes,  20 minutes,  30 minutes,  1 hour, Which one of the following statement is NOT the suggested use of IM route?, Disruptive children,  Patients with severe asthma,  Patients with gag reflex,  Patients with TMJ dysfunction, Which muscle that IM sedation is injected for children age 1 to 6 years old?, Vastus lateralis (thigh),  Deltoid (upper arm),  Gluteal area (lower back),  Ventrogluteal area (side of the upper thigh), Which muscle that IM sedation is preferred for injecting for adults?, Vastus lateralis (thigh),  Ventrogluteal area (side of the upper thigh),  Gluteal area (lower back),  Deltoid (upper arm), What is the Midazolam IM dosage for adults?, 0.1mg - 0.5mg/kg,  0.6mg - 0.9mg/kg,  0.07 mg – 0.08mg/kg,  1.5mg - 4.5mg/kg, How many milliliters of Midazolam for IM injection for a 30kg child?, 0.6ml,  0.9ml,  1.5ml,  2ml, Which one of the following statement is NOT the determinants of IM dose of Benzodiazepines?, Gender,  Body weight,  Degree of anxiety,  Level of desired sedation, Why children have got greater risk of airway obstruction than adults?, Anatomic and physiologic differences in children,  Differences in basal metabolic and respiratory rate and cardiovascular parameters are different,  Reduced tolerance to respiratory obstruction,  All of the above, How many hours do the patients need to fast or not eating solid foods before IV sedation?, 2 hours,  3 hours,  4 hours,  6 hours, How many hours do the patients need to fast or not drinking clear liquids before IV sedation?, 1 hour,  2 hours,  3 hours,  4 hours, Why can't the patients eat and drink (fasting) several hours before sedation?, Because aspiration of foods may even lead to aspiration pneumonia,  Because the patient will be weighed for the sedative dosage, To prevent emesis during / after a sedative procedure that can result in aspiration of stomach contents leading to laryngospasm or severe airway obstruction, Because aspiration of foods may even lead to aspiration pneumonia and To prevent emesis during / after a sedative procedure that can result in aspiration of stomach contents leading to laryngospasm or severe airway obstruction, What is the benefit of IV sedation for hypertensive patients?, It helps to prevent stroke,  It helps minimize risk of adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events during treatment,  It decreases blood pressure and oxygen saturation,  It helps to prevent dizziness, Which one of the following statement is NOT the disadvantages of IV sedation?, Venipuncture is necessary,  Venipuncture complications may occur,  No monitoring is required,  Recovery not complete – escort needed, How much Midazolam is needed for slow IV titration?, 1mg to 2.5mg over 30 seconds,  2mg - 4mg over 1 minute,  3mg - 5mg over 2 minutes,  5mg - 10mg over 5 minutes, Which one of the following statements is NOT the actions and effects of Benzodiazepines?, Anxiolytic, Hypnotic,  Antiemetic,  Anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant, What Benodiazepines do when using low-doses?, Calm and relaxed behaviour,  Sleepiness,  Respiratory depression,  Loss of airway reflexes, What Benodiazepines do when using high-doses?, Amnesia,  Ataxia,  Loss of consciousness,  All of the above, Which one of the following is NOT the contraindications of Benzodiazepines?, Pregnancy,  Severe hepatic impairment,  Patient with gag reflex,  Severe respiratory impairment, Which one of the following statement is NOT the disinhibitory effects of Benzodiazepimes?, Excitement,  Sadness,  Hyperactivity and agitation,  Hostility, What are the things to be avoided when using Triazolam?, Pineapple juice and antibiotics,  Orange juice and steroids,  Melon juice and Tricyclic antidepressant drug,  Grape juice, alcohol and Barbiturates, Which one of the following is Benzodiapine antagonist or the reversal drug?, Temazepam,  Naloxone,  Flumazenil,  Fluconazole, Which one of the following is NOT the vital signs?, Blood sugar or glucose level,  Heart rate (pulse) & rhythm,  Blood pressure,  Respiratory rate, Which one of the following statement is NOT the advantages of oral sedation?, Good acceptance by patients,  Ease of administration and relatively safe,  Low incidence and severity of adverse reactions,  Need needles, syringes or monitoring equipment, Which one of the following statement is NOT the suitable siutation for IV sedation?, Severe apprehensive patients,  No suitable escort and inadequate equipment & facilities,  Presence of prominent veins,  Pretty long and difficult procedures, How much of IV Midazolam do you have to dilute with water for injection if the concentration in the bottle says "5mg/ml"?, 1ml of Midazolam dilute with 4ml saline or water in a 5ml syringe; 2ml of Midazolam dilute with 8ml of water in a 10ml syringe, 5ml of Midazolam dilute with 5ml saline or water in a 10ml syringe,  3ml of Midazolam dilute with 2ml of water in a 5ml syringe,  8ml of Midazolam dilute with 2ml of saline in 10m syringe, What is the initial dose of Flumazenil?, 0.02mg,  0..0mg,  0.2mg (2ml over 15 seconds),  0.5mg, What is the maximum dose of Flumaenil?, 1mg,  2mg,  3mg,  5mg, What do we use to monitor oxygen saturation and pulse?, ECG,  Capnograph device, Pulse oximeter,  Blood pressure monitoring device, What is the normal oxygen saturation at sea level?, 80%,  85%,  90%,  95%, When do we stop monitoring the sedated patients?, When the patients start talking normally,  When vital signs are be stable as to compared to baseline pre-procedure readings,  When oxygen saturation is over 100%,  When the patients breath normally, What oxygen saturation levels that may cause severe hypoxia?, Between 96% - 100%,  Between 86% - 90%,  Less than 81%,  Less than 71%, What level of oxygen saturation when the patient becomes cyanosis?, SpO2 <80%,  SpO2 <85%,  SpO2 <90%,  SpO2 <94%, Which one of the following statement is NOT the criteria for discharge of sedated patients?, The patients are able to understand and follow directions,  The patients are appropriately talk,  The patients are able to drink water,  The patients can understand discharge instructions, What is not necessary to record in the IV sedation sheet?, Sedative dose,  Pulse,  Oxygen saturation level,  Temperature, What is the incorrect instruction after dental treatment under conscious sedation?, Patients may go home within 20 minutes or less without further monitoring, Patients must be monitored until the discharge criteria are met; discharged with a responsible adult; and must be given written clear instructions, Patients may drive home,  Patients are not allowed to take codeine as an analgesic, Which one of the following statement is NOT the reason for failure of sedation?, Cooperative patient,  Wrong site (unable to find vein, unable to titrate),  Unpredicted drug response,  Equipment failure (monitoring failure), What is is the most common side-effect of the administration of benzodiazepine drugs?, Sleepiness,  Dry mouth,  Confusion,  Reduction in normal peripheral oxygen sedation (SpO2 < 95%), How much oxygen saturation the pulse oximeter alarm should be programmed to sound?, Less than 80%,  Less than 85%,  Less than 90%,  Less than 95%, Which one of the following statement is NOT the management of oxygen desaturation?, Ask the patient to take a few deep breaths,  Pinch the earlobe,  Give oxygen by facemask at 6-8L/min,  Inject hydrocortisone, What is the most common sedation risk?, Paradoxical reaction,  Anaphylactic reaction,  Respiratory depression,  Confusion, What type of patients are at risk for sedation?, Obesity,  Hypertensive patients,  Elderly patients,  Obesity and Elderly patients, How much low flow oxygen by nasal prongs for non-acute respiratory depression?, 1 - 2 L/min,  2 - 4 L/min,  4 - 6 L/min,  8 - 10 L/min, How much oxygen flow used in anaphylaxis?, 2 - 4 L/min,  4 - 6 L/min,  5 - 7 L/min,  8-10 + litres/minute, In CPR, how many chest compressions per minute and how many breaths?, 15 compressions per minute, one breath,  20 compressions per minute, 3 breaths,  30 compressions, 2 breaths,  40 compressions, 4 breaths, What is the half-life of Flumaenil?, 30 minutes,  <1 hour,  ˃1 hour,  2 hours, What is the maximum dose of Flumaenil?, 2 ml,  4 ml,  6 ml,  10 ml, When do need to put the patients on their side in the recovery position?, When they are breathing but unconscious,  When they are not breathing and unconscious,  When their pulse and blood pressure are dropped,  When they have normal breathing and conscious, When should you consider the use of bag mask ventilation or oropharyngeal airways?, When there's a gag reflex,  When the patient has got airway obstruction,  When there's a respiratory depression,  When the patient is unconscious, Which one of the following is NOT the abnormal sounds in airway obstruction?, Snoring,  Hiccup,  Gurgling,  Wheezing, When a patient has got snoring, what happens to him/her?, He/she is sleepy,  His/her throat is obstructed by a foreign body,  He/she has got laryngospasm,  He/she has got hypopharyngeal obstruction by the tongue, How to manage a patient with snoring?, Repeat head-tilt, chin lift,  Use bronchodilator medication,  Clear airway with a suction tip,  Wake the patient up with Flumazenil injection

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