101. farmer observes low wheat yield in one field. What is the first research step?, A. Data visualization, C. Writing conclusion, B. Publishing paper, D. Presentation, E. Observation, 102. If a researcher proposes that nitrogen increases yield, this is:, A. Hypothesis, C. Variable, B. Result, D. Conclusion, E. Reference, 103. Experiment is mainly used to:, A. Write references, B. Collect funding, C. Present findings, D. Test cause-effect relationship, E. Describe literature, 104. Repeating experiment in different seasons helps to:, A. Improve reliability, B. Change sampling, C. Avoid statistics, D. Simplify graphs, E. Reduce hypothesis, 105. Scientific research must be:, A. Unplanned, B. Emotional, C. Personal, D. Systematic, E. Random, 106. Research gap refers to:, A. Large sample, B. Low rainfall, C. High yield, D. Unexplored problem, E. Field size, 107. Using outdated sources may:, A. Increase replication, B. Improve validity, C. Increase accuracy, D. Reduce bias, E. Reduce study relevance, 108. Keywords should be:, A. Specific and relevant, B. Random terms, C. Long sentences, D. Numbers only, E. Abbreviations only, 109. Review article mainly:, A. Lists equipment, B. Reports experiment, C. Describes weather, D. Shows farm budget, E. Summarizes existing research, 110. Citation helps to:, A. Increase yield, B. Improve soil, C. Reduce pests, D. Avoid plagiarism, E. Increase rainfall, 111. Good research problem is:, A. Financial only, B. Emotional, C. Impossible to test, D. Feasible to investigate, E. Too broad, 112. Objective “increase yield” is weak because it is:, A. Relevant, B. Achievable, C. Not measurable, D. Time-bound, E. Too specific, 113. SMART objective includes:, A. Deadline, B. Seed shape, C. Weather data, D. Soil color, E. Farmer opinion, 114. Hypothesis must relate to:, A. Graph format, B. Citation tool, C. Sample label, D. Presentation style, E. Research problem, 115. Multiple objectives help to:, A. Structure research steps, B. Skip statistics, C. Avoid sampling, D. Reduce replication, E. Remove control, 116. Blocking is used to:, A. Eliminate treatment, B. Stop analysis, C. Reduce variability, D. Reduce replication, E. Increase error, 117. Factorial experiment allows:, A. No analysis, B. No replication, C. Using one treatment only, D. No control, E. Studying interaction effects, 118. Treatment refers to:, A. Sample error, B. Crop variety name, C. Applied experimental condition, D. Field location, E. Weather season, 119. Randomized Complete Block Design is useful when:, A. Field is perfectly uniform, B. Only one plot exists, C. No treatments, D. No replication possible, E. Field has variability, 120. Plot size affects:, A. Literature review, B. Hypothesis, C. Experimental accuracy, D. Data coding, E. Citation style, 121. Sampling frame means:, A. Research gap, B. Graph title, C. Hypothesis, D. List of population units, E. Table format, 122. Cluster sampling is used when:, A. No experiment, B. Only one sample exists, C. Population is homogeneous, D. Population is geographically spread, E. No variability, 123. Sampling bias occurs when:, A. Soil is fertile, B. Selection is not random, C. Replication is high, D. Data is normal, E. Yield increases, 124. Increasing sample size usually:, A. Reduces sampling error, B. Changes hypothesis, C. Reduces yield, D. Stops experiment, E. Eliminates analysis, 125. Representative sample should:, A. Include only control, B. Include only border plants, C. Reflect population characteristics, D. Include only high yield plants, E. Include only treated plots, 126. Calibration ensures:, A. Higher yield, B. Strong conclusion, C. Measurement accuracy, D. Larger sample, E. Better hypothesis, 127. Repeated measurements help to:, A. Reduce random error, B. Reduce data, C. Avoid analysis, D. Change design, E. Increase variability, 128. Moisture meter measures:, A. Yield weight, B. Soil or grain moisture, C. Temperature, D. Plant height, E. Nitrogen content, 129. Measurement protocol should be:, A. Standardized, B. Emotional, C. Random, D. Unwritten, E. Flexible always, 130. Data logbook is important for:, A. Plot design, B. Literature search, C. Sampling method, D. Accurate record keeping, E. Hypothesis formation, 131. Precision agriculture mainly improves:, A. Resource efficiency, B. Crop diseases, C. Data bias, D. Soil erosion, E. Sampling error, 132. Proposal structure includes:, A. References only, B. Problem, objectives, methods, C. Conclusion only, D. Tables only, E. Budget only, 133. Ethical approval is needed when:, A. Tables are made, B. Hypothesis is written, C. Graphs are drawn, D. Data is coded, E. Research involves risks or regulations, 134. Innovation adoption depends on:, A. Graph design, B. Economic feasibility, C. Table format, D. Sampling size, E. Citation style, 135. Analytical note should:, A. Avoid discussion, B. Avoid conclusions, C. Evaluate evidence critically, D. Copy sources, E. Avoid data, 136. Null hypothesis assumes:, A. No treatment effect, B. Maximum yield, C. Significant result, D. Strong correlation, E. High variability, 137. P-value indicates:, A. Soil moisture, B. Probability of random result, C. Plot size, D. Sample number, E. Yield level, 138. Correlation coefficient ranges between:, A. −10 and +10, B. 0 and 100, C. 0 and 1, D. 1 and 10, E. −1 and +1, 139. Significant ANOVA result suggests:, A. Treatment differences exist, B. No replication, C. No hypothesis, D. No data, E. No variability, 140. Descriptive statistics include:, A. Hypothesis and objectives, B. Mean and standard deviation, C. Literature and citation, D. Sampling and design, E. Discussion and conclusion

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