Dialogue, Spoken interaction between characters used to move the narrative forward, reveal relationships, or change pace. Dialogue is often used to break up description, increase pace, or heighten tension., Flashback, A shift in the narrative to events that happened in the past, interrupting the current timeline. Flashbacks provide background information, develop character, or explain motivations., Flashforward, A shift in the narrative to events that will happen in the future. Flashforwards create intrigue, foreshadow outcomes, or build anticipation., Opening / Beginning, The start of a text that introduces characters, setting, situation, or mood., Ending / Resolution, The final section of a text where events are concluded or left unresolved for effect., Linear Narrative, Events are presented in the order they happen chronologically., Non-linear Narrative, Events are presented out of chronological order (e.g. flashbacks or time jumps)., Pacing, The speed at which events move in the text (fast or slow)., Narrative Perspective, The viewpoint from which the story is told (e.g. first person, third person)., First-Person Narrator, The narrator is part of the story and uses “I” or “we”., Third-Person Narrator, The narrator is outside the story and uses “he”, “she”, or “they”., Second-Person Narrator, A narrative perspective where the reader is addressed directly using “you”, placing them inside the text. A second‑person narrator immerses the reader, making events feel immediate and personal, often increasing engagement or tension., Zooming In, The focus shifts to small details to slow pace or increase tension., Zooming Out, The focus widens to show the bigger picture or setting..

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