Natural selection, when nature (not humans) “selects” which organisms survive and reproduce based on helpful traits, Artificial selection, when humans choose which plants or animals reproduce to get desired traits, Adaptation, a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment, Evolution, the process where living things change over a long time, Charles Darwin, a scientist who developed the idea of evolution by natural selection, Theory, a well-tested explanation based on a lot of evidence, Fitness, how well an organism can survive and reproduce, Homologous, body parts that are similar because they come from a common ancestor, Analogous, body parts that have the same function but are not from a common ancestor, Vestigial, body parts that no longer have a function (or have a reduced function), Common ancestor, a past organism that two or more species came from

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