Alternative hypothesis, The claim that there is an effect, difference, or relationship in the population. It is what the researcher wants to prove., Level of significance, A pre-set threshold in hypothesis testing, representing the maximum probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis. It is typically set at 0.05 or 0.01, Null hypothesis, It is the claim that there is no effect, no difference, or no relationship. It is the default assumption that researchers try to test against., P-value, It is the probability of obtaining results as extreme as the observed data, assuming the null hypothesis is true., Test statistic, It is a numerical value calculated from sample data that is used to decide whether to reject the null hypothesis., Random sample, It is a group of individuals selected from a population by chance, so that every member has an equal probability of being chosen.

3040. Unit 3

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