Formative feedback , Helps learners improve future performance, Summative feedback, Evaluates completed work or performance, According to Julian Edge, student mistakes , Fall into three types:, Slips, Are temporary mistakescaused by tiredness, distraction, or emotions-not by lack of knowledge., Language learners make mistakes mainly for many reasons, L1 interference 2) Developmental processes., Interlanguage, Errors are an essential part of language learning because they reflect learners' , which is their developing personal version of the target language, A useful technique is, offline correction:, Paul Bress, However, as He suggests, teachers and learners may sometimes feel uncomfortable if the teacher stays too passive during communication tasks, Self-correction, Students often correct their own mistakes once the teacher signals a problem., Peer correction, Classmates can help when a student cannot self-correct., Teacher correction, Teachers provide correction when:students cannot self-correctpeers cannot helpexplanation is required, Form, Grammar, spelling, accuracy)This depends on whether feedback is.., Content, Ideas and meaning, Summative, evaluation of a finalproduct, Formative, Guidance during the writing process, What is Feedback?, When our students say or write something, we usually respond in some way to what they have done., According to Jim Scrivener, effective praise should be:, Work-specifictruthfulencouraging learner thinking, Developmental errors, Occur because learners are actively forming and testing language rules as part of the learning process..

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