What Are Cells, Cells are the basic units of life, the smallest structure capable of performing all the functions necessary for life., All Organisms, are made up of cells in a highly organized regulated manner., Cel Theory, developed by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow, states:, All organisms are composed of cells, Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms, cells come only from preexisting cells because cells are self-producing, Prokaryotes, single cell organisms like yeast and bacteria, Eukaryotes, conatain membrane bound organelles and nuclei, Eukaryotic cells, The main distinguishing aspect is the presence of organelles, Organelles , are membrane structures in the cytoplasm, Endosymbiotic theory, explains the evidence of chloroplast and mitochondria absorption, Plasma membrane, outer surface that regulates entrance and exits of molecules, Centrioles, short cylinders of microtubules, Lysosome, vesicle that digest macromolecules and even cell parts, Nucleus, command center of cell, Nuclear envelope, double membrane with nuclear pores that encloses nucleus, Chromatin, diffuse threads containing DNA and protein, Nucleolus, region that produces subunits or ribosomes, Rough ER, studded with ribosomes that synthesize proteins, Smooth ER, lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipid molecules, Peroxisome, vesicle that is involved in fatty acid metabolism, Ribosomes, particles that carry out protein synthesis, Mittochondrion, organelle that carries out cellular respiration, producing ATP molecules, Centrosome, microtubule organizing center (lacks centrioles), The cell membrane or plasma membrane, controls what enters and leaves a cell, The cellular membrane(phospholipid bilayer), is composed of multiple phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates., Factors that affect membrane fluidity, temperature, lower temperatures solidify the membrane, Cholesterol, Reduces fluidity at moderate temperatures increases fluidity at colder temperatures.

Chapters 3,4,5

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