Cell Cycle, Entire sequence of growth and division in a cell, Interphase, Stage where the cell grows and replicates DNA before division, Mitosis, Type of nuclear division producing identical daughter cells, Cytokinesis, Division of the cytoplasm after nuclear division, Apoptosis, Programmed cell death used to remove damaged or unneeded cells, Cancer, Uncontrolled cell growth caused by failure of cell cycle regulation, Binary Fission, Cell division process in prokaryotes producing two identical daughter cells, Meiosis, Type of cell division that produces gametes and reduces chromosome number by half, Homologous Chromosomes, Pair of chromosomes with the same genes, size, and centromere position, Haploid, Cells containing one set of chromosomes, Diploid, Cells containing two sets of chromosomes, Crossing Over, Exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I, Independent Assortment, Random alignment of chromosome pairs during meiosis, Fertilization, Fusion of sperm and egg nuclei, Zygote, A fertilized egg cell, Gamete, Reproductive sex cell such as sperm or egg, Karyotype, Arrangement of chromosome pairs used to detect abnormalities, Aneuploidy, Incorrect number of chromosomes in a cell, Dominant Allele, Allele expressed when present, Recessive Allele, Allele only expressed when two copies are present, Homozygous, Having two identical alleles for a gene, Heterozygous, Having two different alleles for a gen, Genotype, Genetic makeup of an organism, Phenotype, Observable physical traits of an organism, Pedigree, Diagram used to trace inheritance through generations.

bio chapter 9-11

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