CO2 from the atmosphere diffuses into the stroma of the chloroplast, In the stroma the CO2 combines with the 5-carbon compound ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), This reaction is catalysed by the enzyme rubisco, The CO2 and ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) produce 2 molecules of the 3-carbon compound glycerate 3-phosphate (GP), This phase is called Carboxylation, ATP and reduced NADP (from the light-dependent reaction) reduce GP into triose phosphate (TP), This step is the reduction phase, Some (1/6) TP molecules are converted to useful organic substances, such as glucose, Most (5/6) TP molecules are used to regenerate RuBP using ATP, This is called the regeneration phase.

Calvin Cycle

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