1. In a mangrove forest, which combination shows both biotic and abiotic components correctly?, A. Mangrove tree – Saltwater, B. Crab – Sunlight – Coral, C. Fish – Soil – Air, D. Mangrove tree – Coral – Mud, 2. Which abiotic factor in a coral reef directly affects the growth of algae that corals depend on for food?, A. Fish population, B. Water Temperature, C. Coral skeleton, D. Crabs, 3. If pollution increases in a river ecosystem, which of the following is the most likely chain of effects?, A. Fish die → fewer predators → plants grow faster, B. Fish die → reduced food for birds → ecosystem balance is disrupted, C. Birds migrate → plants die → water becomes cleaner, D. Only abiotic factors are affected; biotic components remain the same, 4. Which statement best generalizes the relationship between living and non-living components in ecosystems?, A. Abiotic factors only provide resources; they do not affect organisms’ , B. Living components alone determine the stability of ecosystems., C. Interactions between living and non-living components maintain the , D. Ecosystem balance is maintained only in human-controlled , 5. A student wants to show how sunlight, water, fish, and coral interact in a reef ecosystem. Which is the best way to demonstrate this?, A. Listing the components separately without showing interactions, B. Memorizing the names of components and their habitats, C. Writing a paragraph describing the ecosystem without visuals, D. Drawing a diagram with labeled components and arrows indicating .

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