Which of the following is a characteristic of the third line of defense that makes it significantly different from the second line?, The responding cells are a variety of cell types., The initial response is very rapid, beginning in minutes to a couple of hours., The response is specific to a single antigen., The response is effective on a broad range of antigens., The response to a second exposure is similar to the response to a first exposure., Adaptive immunity is sometimes also called acquired immunity. Which of the following statements provides a basis for the alternative name?, To become activated, lymphocytes require exposure to the epitope for which they are specific., Activated lymphocytes may persist for years in the body., Activated lymphocytes produce daughter cells that are identical in specificity and function., Lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system are highly specific for a single epitope., Lymphocytes reactive to normal body components are removed., Which of the following is an exogenous antigen?, the malaria parasite inside a red blood cell, a virus inside a cell, a bacterium inside a cell, a non-infected human cell, a bacterium outside a cell, Which of the following statements about lymphocytes is FALSE?, Lymphocytes have integral surface proteins by which they can be recognized., B and T lymphocytes can be differentiated using a bright-field light microscope., The glycoproteins on the surface of a lymphocyte are designated with the prefix CD, for "cluster of differentiation.", Lymphocytes have different types of CD molecules in their cytoplasmic membranes., Once they are mature, they migrate to secondary lymphoid organs., The majority of mature, self-tolerant lymphocytes are found in, the tonsils., the spleen., the thymus., the MALT., lymph nodes., Which of the following is NOT included in the MALT?, lymphoid tissue in the small intestine, Peyer's patches, the appendix, the spleen, lymphoid tissue in the respiratory tract, The white blood cells primarily responsible for adaptive immunity are, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes., NK lymphocytes and neutrophils., macrophages and neutrophils., neutrophils and dendritic cells., macrophages and eosinophils., You step on something in the yard resulting in a puncture wound that does not bleed freely. Antigens from any microbes that entered the wound will most likely end up in the, spleen., appendix., lymph nodes of the groin., lymph nodes of the neck (cervical)., lymph nodes of the armpit (axilla)., Which of the following statements concerning the chemical structure of an antibody is FALSE?, Antibodies have two short peptide chains known as light chains., The stem and arm are connected by a hinge., Antibodies have two long peptide chains known as heavy chains., Antibodies are formed of four polypeptide chains., The heavy and light chains are connected by hydrogen bonds., The antibody-binding site of an antibody is made up of, portions of both of the heavy chains only., the variable regions of both light and heavy chains., one heavy chain., the variable regions of the heavy chains., the light chains only., Cell-mediated immunity is a function of, B lymphocytes., macrophages., T lymphocytes., dendritic cells., NK cells., Which of the following statements regarding antibody function is FALSE?, They can penetrate host cells to bind intracellular antigens., They can prevent virus attachment to host cells., They can facilitate cytotoxic attack by natural killer lymphocytes., They can facilitate phagocyte attack on bacteria with a capsule (glycocalyx)., They can bind more than one pathogen at a time, forming complexes., Secretory IgA antibodies are unique because they, are present in the plasma, have unique light chains, are present in lymph nodes, are connected with J chains and short polypeptides to form dimers, are Y-shaped molecules, The most prevalent antibody class in the blood is, IgA, IgD, IgM, IgE, IgG, Which of the following function in agglutination?, IgA antibodies, IgE antibodies, IgA and IgG antibodies, IgD antibodies, IgG antibodies, Which of the following statements concerning B cell receptors (BCRs) is FALSE?, They are complementary in shape to a specific antigenic determinant that they may or may not encounter, They are formed in response to an encounter with an antigen, They are bound to the surface of B lymphocytes and have two antigen-binding sites, Each B lymphocyte is randomly generated with antibody variable regions that determine its BCR, Scientists estimate that each person forms at least 10^11 different types of B lymphocytes with distinct BCRs, Which cells are primarily responsible for humoral immunity?, Neutrophils, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, Macrophages, Where do T lymphocytes mature?, Spleen, Appendix, Thymus, Bone marrow, What do plasma cells secrete?, Complement, Histamine, Lysozyme, Antibodies, Which antibody class is usually produced first in a primary immune response?, IgM, IgE, IgA, IgG, Which cells present antigen to helper T cells?, Fibroblasts, Platelets, Erythrocytes, APCs, Which T cell type directly kills infected cells?, Memory B, Cytotoxic T, Regulatory T, Helper T, What is the main role of helper T cells?, Activate others, Phagocytose microbes, Make antibodies, Release histamine, Which MHC class is found on nearly all nucleated cells?, Class II, Class IV, Class I, Class III, Which MHC class is found on antigen-presenting cells?, Class IV, Class I, Class II, Class III, What do memory lymphocytes provide?, Clot formation, Digestive enzymes, Oxygen transport, Faster response, Which of the following statements about T lymphocytes is FALSE?, T lymphocytes produce antibody molecules., T lymphocytes directly attack cells., T lymphocytes mature in the thymus., T lymphocytes require antigen presentation., Which of the following cytokines act as a signal between leukocytes?, chemokines, growth factors, interleukins, interferons, Clonal deletion of developing T lymphocytes takes place in which location in the body?, liver, thymus, bone marrow, spleen, Which of the following statements is TRUE about major histocompatibility (MHC) proteins?, All cells make II., Bind many epitopes., All cells make I and II., They are membrane proteins., The lymphocytes of adaptive immunity called ________ mature in the red bone marrow., B cells, macrophages, NK cells, T cells, Class I MHC molecules are essential for, chemokine recognition, IL-2 detection, exogenous presentation, endogenous presentation, Class II MHC are found on, red blood cells, professional APCs, skin cells, nucleated cells, Which of the following statements is TRUE of exogenous antigens?, All cells process them., Presented on class I., Processed by dendritic cells and macrophages., Only B cells recognize., The thymus is where, T cells are produced., T cells clonally expand., B cells mature., TCR forms and deletion occurs., Which of the following statements concerning plasma cells is FALSE?, They descend from activated B cells., They live for many years as memory cells., They secrete one antibody specificity., They produce many antibodies daily., Enhanced immune responses to subsequent exposures to an antigen are known as ________ responses., allergic, autoimmune, memory, primary immune, Which of the following statements regarding the cell-mediated immune response is TRUE?, Needs antibodies, Kills many targets, Kills with peroxide, No antigen presentation, No helper T role, The protozoan that causes malaria is an intracellular parasite of red blood cells (RBCs). An adaptive immune response to this parasite is problematic because, RBC cytokines blocked, RBCs avoid lymphoid, Complement fails RBCs, Parasite kills leukocytes, RBCs lack MHC, The perforin-granzyme pathway involves, Antibody production, Fever production, CD95L binding, Cell-killing proteins, Antigen presentation

Chapter 16 - Micro textbook- Patho

by
Print
Embed

Leaderboard

Visual style

Options

AI Enhanced: This activity contains content generated by AI. Learn more.

Switch template

Continue editing: ?