A teacher spontaneously asks concept-checking questions during a lesson without recording grades. This is an example of:, Formal assessment, Summative assessment, Informal assessment, Washback, Formal assessments are unplanned, spontaneous observations of student performance, True, False, Which of the following is a key characteristic of summative assessment?, Occurs during a learning activity, Uses a wide range of question formats, Yields a specific score or grade, Provides ongoing feedback to improve teaching, A test that measures how well a learner performs compared to a fixed standard or curriculum objective is:, Norm-referenced, Individual-referenced, Criterion-referenced, Self-referenced, Two teachers give the same student significantly different scores on a speaking test. This indicates a problem with the test's, Validity, Reliability, Authenticity, Transparency, A teacher uses a "can-do statement" checklist. This differs from a simple yes/no checklist because it focuses on, Grammar rules, Language competencies (what learners can do), Test scores, Teacher observations only, A speaker answers all questions with "yes" or "no" when longer responses are expected. This is a problem primarily related to which assessment criterion?, Pronunciation, Grammar and vocabulary, Interactive communication, Discourse management, Drilling exercises are considered a formal assessment activity, True, False, A listening task asks students to write a summary of a long, complex text. This is problematic because:, The text is too short, The rubric is unclear, There are too many items, The task tests memory and writing, not just listening.

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