What must exist first for a solar system to form?, A cloud made of gas and dust, If equal areas are shaded in a planet’s orbit, what does this mean?, Each section takes the same amount of time, What particles are involved in fusion inside the Sun?, Protons and neutrons, What type of energy change occurs during fusion?, Nuclear energy → light and heat, Why can Earth have liquid water?, Earth is in the habitable zone, where temperatures allow water to remain liquid., Which part of Earth provides the heat that drives convection inside the planet?, The Earth’s core produces intense heat, which causes material in the mantle to move in convection currents, driving plate tectonics., What landform is most commonly created when two tectonic plates collide?, Plates push together and uplift land to form mountains., What process forms chains of volcanic islands in the ocean?, Subduction melts rock, forming magma that rises to create volcanoes., What happens when tectonic plates slide sideways past each other?, Earthquakes, What feature forms when an ocean plate is forced under a continent?, Deep ocean trench, What type of weathering happens when lichens break down rock?, Chemical breakdown - Lichens release acids that dissolve minerals., Which processes break rocks apart and move them to new locations?, Physical breakdown and water movement, Which gas from volcanoes can cool Earth?, Sulfur dioxide where reflects sunlight back into space., What makes water different from most substances?, Exists in all three states- Solid, liquid, gas naturally on Earth., Why is water able to carry nutrients through Earth systems?, Water is a universal solvent., Which materials are most essential for life to exist?, Carbon builds molecules; water supports reactions., What energy source powers the water cycle?, Thermal energy- The Sun drives evaporation, Which greenhouse gas affects temperature the most?, Carbon dioxide due to highest concentration, What happens to temperature if CO₂ decreases?, Less heat is trapped, Which human activity most disrupts the carbon cycle?, Fossil fuel burning due to releases excess carbon quickly, What causes convection currents in the air?, Density differences, warm air rises, cool air sinks, How does warmer ocean water affect hurricanes?, More energy to hurricanes, What conditions allow forests to grow thick and dense?, High rain and moderate temperature, Ideal plant growth conditions, Why do phytoplankton decrease as zebra mussels increase?, Mussels eat them, Consumer reduces producer population, How does carbon enter living organisms?, Photosynthesis for plants, How does carbon naturally move in ocean ecosystems?, Respiration adds, photosynthesis removes, What is it called when a new ecosystem replaces an old one?, Ecological succession, How does soil runoff affect river ecosystems?, Damages fish habitat, Why are plants important in ecosystems?, They are the producers, Which activity causes urban heat islands?, Building cities, Which energy sources cause the most environmental damage when obtained?, Oil and coal, What reduces environmental impact the most?, Increase recycling, decrease waste, What is the best clean energy choice in a desert?, Solar panels, Why do hot, dry conditions cause more wildfires?, Plants dry out and burn easily, Why is air pollution worse in cities?, More pollution exposure

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