What are chromosomes made of?, DNA and Proteins, How many pairs of chromosomes are found in a normal human somatic cell?, 23 pairs (Total 46 chromosomes), The point where two sister chromatids are attached is called:, Centromere, What is a chromosome?, A chromosome is a thread-like structure located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. It is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which carries the hereditary information (genes) from parents to offspring., Differentiate between Autosomes and Allosomes., , What are histone proteins and what is their function?, Histone proteins are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei. Their primary function is to act as spools around which DNA winds, helping in packaging the massive DNA molecules into compact, organized structural units called nucleosomes., Explain the structure of a chromosome based on the position of the centromere., Based on the position of the centromere, chromosomes are classified into four primary types:✭Metacentric: The centromere is located in the exact middle, giving the chromosome two equal arms (V-shape during anaphase).✭Sub-metacentric: The centromere is slightly away from the center, resulting in one slightly shorter arm and one longer arm (L-shape).✭Acrocentric: The centromere is located near one end, producing one extremely short arm and one very long arm (J-shape).✭Telocentric: The centromere is located at the very terminal end of the chromosome (I-shape). Note: These are not found in humans., What is the biological significance/functions of chromosomes?, Chromosomes play several critical roles in living organisms:✭Genetic Information Transfer: They carry genes, which are the basic units of heredity, ensuring traits are passed from parents to offspring.✭Cell Division: They ensure that DNA is accurately copied and distributed equally during cell divisions like mitosis and meiosis.✭Regulation of Life Processes: The DNA in chromosomes directs the synthesis of proteins, which control all metabolic activities of the cell.✭Mutation and Evolution: Crossing over during meiosis introduces genetic variations, driving evolution..
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Chromosomes
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Jayalaxmivpoojary
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