1. Management is best defined as the process of, eliminating organizational conflict, planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources, only supervising employees, only making profits, Which of the following is one of the four basic management functions?. eliminating organizational conflict, Auditing, B. Forecasting sales taxes, C. Organizing, D. Programming, Planning primarily involves, A. assigning tasks after work is completed, B. setting goals and deciding how to achieve them, C. rewarding employees for past work, D. measuring only financial results, Organizing is mainly concerned with, A. deciding how jobs and resources should be arranged, B. eliminating all rules, C. motivating through compensation alone, D. measuring standards only, Leading focuses most directly on, A. influencing and motivating people, B. designing buildings, C. auditing performance records, D. creating only formal charts, Controlling is the process of, A. removing all uncertainty, B. comparing actual performance with standards, C. replacing managers with systems, D. assigning only long-term goals, Middle managers mainly serve as a link between, A. customers and competitors, B. top managers and first-line managers, C. owners and suppliers only, D. machines and technology, First-line managers are most directly involved in, A. supervising operating employees, B. setting corporate mission, C. approving mergers, D. designing industry policy, A manager’s conceptual skills are especially important for, A. understanding the organization as a whole, B. typing reports accurately, C. conducting only interviews, D. repairing equipment, Technical skills refer to a manager’s ability to, A. understand and use specialized knowledge, B. settle every conflict informally, C. create company mission statements, D. influence through personality alone, Human skills are most closely related to the ability to, A. use machines efficiently, B. work effectively with other people, C. prepare budgets only, D. design products, The evolution of management thought is important because it, A. shows that older ideas are always wrong, B. helps explain how current management ideas developed, C. proves that management never changes, D. eliminates the need for judgment, Scientific management mainly emphasized, A. social responsibility, B. efficiency and task performance, C. employee empowerment only, D. organizational culture, Bureaucratic management is most strongly associated with, A. informality and flexibility, B. rules, hierarchy, and formal authority, C. shared ownership, D. minimal structure, The human relations perspective highlighted the importance of, A. group machines, B. social and human factors at work, C. only formal rules, D. cost accounting, A systems view of management suggests that, A. organizations operate as isolated units, B. different parts of an organization are interrelated, C. employees should avoid communication, D. planning and control are unrelated, Synergy exists when, A. the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, B. conflict is eliminated entirely, C. one department dominates all others, D. formal authority is weak, A mission statement describes, A. how tasks are grouped into jobs, B. the organization’s basic purpose, C. the daily schedule of employees, D. the formal chain of command only, A vision statement usually describes, A. the organization’s desired future state, B. its payroll policy, C. its short-term reporting system, D. its legal requirements only, Corporate-level strategy is concerned with, A. the overall direction of the organization, B. daily work routines only, C. individual job design only, D. personal motivation only, Tactical goals are generally set for, A. the organization as a whole over a very long time, B. middle managers to support broader strategies, C. individual workers only, D. outside stakeholders only, Operational goals are usually, A. broad and idealistic, B. short-term and specific, C. set only by top management, D. unrelated to planning, SWOT analysis examines, A. sales, wages, output, and turnover, B. strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, C. staffing, workload, output, and time, D. strategy, work, organizing, and tracking, In SWOT analysis, opportunities and threats are usually, A. internal factors, B. external factors, C. personal traits, D. control standards, Top managers are generally most responsible for, A. day-to-day supervision only, B. strategic direction of the organization, C. machine maintenance, D. individual task specialization, When groups or an individual agree to a middle-range position between two extremes during conflict resolution efforts, what are they working toward?, a. Confrontation, b. Compromise, c. Smoothing, d. Avoidance, Which of the following refers to the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them?, a. Self-efficacy, b. Locus of control, c. Self-esteem, d. Authoritarianism, e. Openness, Which style of leadership goes beyond ordinary expectations by transmitting a sense of mission, stimulating learning experiences, and inspiring new ways of thinking?, a. Directive, b. Participative, c. Transformational, d. Supportive, e. Task-oriented, In its simplest form, _____ means setting an organization’s goals and deciding how best to achieve them., a. coordinating, b. leading, c. organizing, d. controlling, e. Planning, Christof noticed that the performances of his students on class tests have been declining. While attempting to find a solution to the problem, he thinks of three choices: rewarding students who get good grades, holding class tests more often, or punishing students when they perform poorly on the tests. Which step of the rational decision-making process is Christof in?, a. Identifying alternatives, b. Implementing an alternative, c. Defining the decision situation, d. Selecting the best alternative, e. Evaluating the decision effectiveness, Punishment involves the use of _____ power., a. legitimate, b. reward, c. referent, d. expert, e. coercive, Which of the following would require continually adding new tasks and challenges as part of the job design?, a. Job enlargement, b. Job specialization, c. Job rotation, d. Job enrichment, e. Job deskilling, Gadgetbug Inc. is known for its extremely efficient after-purchase service. None of Gadgetbug's competitors provide the same kind of customer service. Gadgetbug's _____ is described in the scenario., a. scope, b. divestiture strategy, c. strategic limitation, d. process loss, e. distinctive competence, A typical responsibility of operations managers includes, a. inventory control., b. sales promotion., c. accounting., d. employee development., e. benefit systems development., An organization’s _____ is a statement of its fundamental, unique purpose that sets a business apart from other firms of its type and identifies the scope of the business’s operations in product and market terms., a. mission, b. code of ethics, c. article of incorporation, d. operational goal, e. tactical plan, Accords reached by governments in which countries voluntarily limit the volume or value of goods they export to or import from one another are known as _____ agreements., a. service-level, b. licensing, c. export restraint, d. strategic alliance, e. operational-level, The abilities of managers to think in the abstract are referred to as _____., a. time management skills., b. technical skills., c. conceptual skills., d. interpersonal skills., e. communication skills., Junhua is in charge of maintaining all the computers in the organization. Additionally, whenever an employee has a problem with their computer, they call Junhua. What type of power does Junhua have in this organization?, a. Expert, b. Legitimate, c. Referent, d. Reward, e. Coercive, Max Weber's work, based on a rational set of guidelines for structuring organizations in the most efficient manner, is based on which organizational norm?, a. Specialization , b. Bureaucracy, c. Group processes, d. Human fulfillment., e. Integration, Which of the following is a Theory Y assumption?, a. Social processes do not influence the performance of workers., b. People are not internally motivated to achieve their goals., c. People do not naturally dislike work., d. People prefer to be directed, to avoid responsibility, and to want security., e. People perform better when they are threatened by the manager., What does an organization use to manage its operations across several industries and several markets simultaneously?, a. Corporate-level strategy, b. Tactical plans, c. SWOT analysis, d. Distinctive competence, e. Business-level strategy, In return for what the employee gives, the organization provides _____ to the individual employee., a. aid, b. loyalty, c. contributions, d. inducements, e. competencies, Dezmon, a small parts manufacturer, is looking for quick entry into foreign markets with access to materials available in those markets. Which approach to internationalization would best fit his needs?, a. Exporting, b. Licensing, c. Strategic alliances, d. Direct investment, e. Importing, Which of the following statements is true about tactical goals?, a. Their focus is on how to operationalize actions necessary to achieve strategic goals., b. Their focus is on broad and long-term issues., c. They are set by and for top managers., d. They are set by and for the board of directors., e. They are broad and nonspecific., Competitors, customers, suppliers, strategic partners, and regulators make up the _____ environment of an organization., a. technological, b. general, c. economic, d. political-legal, e. Task, The term _____ refers to an individual’s personal beliefs about whether a behavior, action, or decision is right or wrong., a. justice, b. culture, c. ethics, d. aesthetics, e. Regulations, The Porter-Lawler extension of expectancy theory suggests that _____., a. high effort leads to high outcome, regardless of actual performance, b. performance is more valuable than outcome in understanding effort, c. high performance may lead to high satisfaction, d. high satisfaction leads to high performance, e. satisfaction and performance levels are completely independent, Once a licensing agreement is agreed to, the licensee pays _____ in return for the use of the brand name, trademark, or other asset., a. interest, b. a royalty, c. quota tax, d. a tariff, e. a reward, Which of the following enables workers to set their own work goals, make decisions, and solve problems within their sphere of responsibility and authority?, a. Equity, b. Reinforcement, c. Behavior modification, d. Empowerment, e. Reward, Which of the following is true of organizational culture?, a. It does not vary across organizations., b. Its point of origin is the organization’s chief competitor., c. It is not influenced by corporate success, d. It consists of a firm’s set of values and beliefs., e. Once established, it cannot be changed, Which of the following is the role of top managers in an organization?, a. Overseeing day-to-day operations, b. Performing routine administrative tasks, c. Implementing plans of first-line managers, d. Creating organizational goals and overall strategy, e. Coordinating the work of first-line managers, A firm pursuing a(n) _____ strategy concentrates on a specific regional market, product line, or group of buyers., a. overall cost leadership, b. divesting, c. restraint of trade, d. anticompetitive, e. focus, The top managers of Dietizza, a large low-fat pizza chain, plan to increase the profitability of all its outlets by 15 percent in a period of two years. This is a(n) _____ goal., a. tactical, b. operational, c. nonspecific, d. divestiture, e. strategic, The final phase of the management process is _____, which involves monitoring the organization’s progress toward its goals., a. planning, b. organizing, c. leading, d. controlling, e. decision making, Which of the following helps make the management process efficient?, a. Increasing overhead production costs , b. Using resources in a cost-effective manner, c. Making management decisions independently of the organizations external environment, d. Using the majority of resources for sales promotion activities, e. Using micromanagement techniques, What does an organization use to manage its operations across several industries and several markets simultaneously?, a. Corporate-level strategy, b. Tactical plans, c. SWOT analysis, d. Distinctive competence, e. Business-level strategy, Within an organization, who is responsible for new product development, promotion, and distribution?, a. Financial managers, b. Operations managers, c. Marketing managers, d. Administrative managers, e. Public relations managers, Nutrimax Inc. identifies its purpose as "to produce the finest cookies in the world while upholding our principles of promoting good health and maintaining environmental sustainability." This purpose is most likely to be the _____ of Nutrimax., a. strategic goal, b. distinctive competence, c. mission statement, d. operational goal, e. tactical goal, Demonstrating personal excitement or passion about something is part of _____ leadership., a. charismatic, b. entrepreneurial, c. symbolic, d. integrative, e. participative, What is defined as the process of linking the activities of the various departments of an organization?, a. Centralization, b. Specialization, c. Decentralization, d. Coordination, e. Delegation, Which of the following is a Theory X assumption?, a. People will both seek and accept responsibility., b. Employees work best when managers reward them., c. People relatively pessimistic and have little ambition., d. People are internally motivated., e. People do not naturally dislike work., In job _____, the jobs do not change, but instead workers move from job to job., a. rotation, b. specialization, c. enrichment, d. deskilling, e. enlargement, Rabeya gives her employees a lot of freedom as to how they get their work done and the goals they set for themselves. She also allows them to make decisions that will allow them to resolve issues that arise. What does Rabeya use to motivate her employees?, a. Empowerment, b. Participation, c. Behavior modification, d. Positive reinforcement, e. Flexibility, e. Referent, Which of the following suggests that organizational units (or subsystems) may often be more successful working together than working alone?, a. Chiseling, b. Operations management, c. Synergy, d. Entropy, e. Soldiering, Which of the following reflects an organization’s investment in attracting, retaining, and motivating an effective workforce?, a. Financial capital, b. Human capital, c. Surplus capital, d. Enterprise capital, e. Production capital, According to Maslow, an individual is motivated first and foremost to satisfy _____ needs., a. security, b. self-actualization, c. physiological, d. esteem, e. belongingness, What is defined as a commitment to finding and using the best theory and data available at the time to make decisions?, a. Classical decision making, b. State of uncertainty, c. Bounded rationality, d. Risk propensity, e. Evidence-based management, Ahmed is trying to determine the best way to motivate his staff. Some of the options include pay raises, bonuses, promotions, nicer offices, and more responsibility. To determine the desirability of each of these outcomes, Ahmed should measure its _____., a. effort-to-performance expectancy, b. performance-to-outcome expectancy, c. valence, d. equity, e. need fulfillment, When a manager gives an employee several major assignments at once, thereby increasing the person’s regular workload, the employee is most likely to experience _____., a. role ambiguity, b. role conformity, c. role overload, d. role conflict, e. role generalization, Yui just received a bonus because of a successful team project. Yui knew her efforts contributed to the team's success. What can be said about Yui's personality?, a. She has a high degree of self-efficacy., b. She has an internal locus of control., c. She has a high degree of authoritarianism., d. She has a high degree of Machiavellianism., e. She is very introverted., During the introduction phase of the product life cycle,________., a. companies must sacrifice product quality, b. most companies tend to downsize, c. demand may be very high, d. competition is at its peak, e. sales volume is the highest, Yui just received a bonus because of a successful team project. Yui knew her efforts contributed to the team's success. What can be said about Yui's personality?, a. She has a high degree of self-efficacy., b. She has an internal locus of control., c. She has a high degree of authoritarianism., d. She has a high degree of Machiavellianism., e. She is very introverted., Which of the following statements about organizational culture is true?, a. Organizational culture shapes the behavior of employees, and thus it impacts organizational effectiveness., b. Organizational culture of an overseas franchisee is always the same as the culture of the nation in which the organization’s headquarters are located., c. Organizational culture will necessarily be the same throughout an organization's subunits., d. Organizational culture refers to the cultural and artistic charities that an organization supports., e. Organizational culture is frequently and easily changed by most organizations., Which of the following is a characteristic of the ideal bureaucracy?, a. A hierarchy of positions, b. Decentralization, c. Flexible rules, d. Informal office relations, e. Arbitrary dismissal, When managers decide to either give salary increases to their employees or withhold any salary increases, which of the following types of power do they exercise?, a. Coercive, b. Reward, c. Informal, d. Expert, Porter’s cost leadership strategy focuses on, A. being the lowest-cost producer, B. serving a narrow market only through uniqueness, C. maximizing diversification, D. eliminating planning, A differentiation strategy seeks competitive advantage by, A. offering something unique to customers, B. cutting all training costs, C. copying competitors exactly, D. narrowing authority levels, A focus strategy concentrates on, A. a broad market with standard products, B. a particular market segment, C. eliminating customer analysis, D. replacing tactical goals, Decision making is best described as the process of, A. ignoring uncertainty, B. choosing among alternatives, C. creating organizational charts, D. assigning control standards only, Programmed decisions are most appropriate when, A. the problem is routine and repetitive, B. the issue is completely new and unusual, C. values are unclear, D. leadership is weak, Nonprogrammed decisions are most often required when, A. a problem is novel and unstructured, B. rules already provide the answer, C. tasks are repetitive, D. the environment is stable, Organizing helps managers achieve goals by, A. creating structure and assigning responsibilities, B. removing all coordination, C. avoiding specialization, D. ending formal authority, Centralization means that decision-making authority is, A. shared widely throughout the organization, B. concentrated at higher levels, C. fully delegated to customers, D. eliminated through teams, Decentralization occurs when, A. authority is distributed to lower levels, B. all authority stays at the top, C. formal rules are removed, D. planning is reduced, Delegation refers to, A. giving subordinates responsibility and authority for tasks, B. reducing the number of jobs, C. designing new strategies, D. avoiding control, Coordination is needed mainly because, A. different people and units must work together, B. delegation eliminates communication, C. managers should avoid integration, D. organizations have no interdependence, A mechanistic organization is generally characterized by, A. flexibility and broad jobs, B. rigid rules and clear hierarchy, C. informal communication only, D. low specialization, An organic organization is more likely to emphasize, A. strict hierarchy and centralization, B. flexibility and adaptation, C. fixed roles only, D. narrow spans of communication, Job specialization means, A. making jobs broader and more varied, B. dividing work into smaller, more specific tasks, C. rotating employees across departments, D. removing all training, Job enlargement is intended to, A. reduce the number of tasks in a job, B. increase the number of tasks at a similar level, C. make work more centralized, D. remove autonomy, Job rotation involves, A. giving one employee all decisions, B. moving employees among different jobs over time, C. eliminating job analysis, D. reducing variety, Job enrichment primarily seeks to, A. add more meaningful responsibility and autonomy, B. deskill jobs, C. increase routine tasks only, D. strengthen coercive control, Deskilling occurs when, A. jobs require broader capabilities, B. work is simplified so fewer skills are needed, C. employees gain more autonomy, D. training becomes more advanced, The general environment of an organization includes, A. factors such as economic and social conditions, B. only suppliers and competitors, C. only internal culture, D. only direct customers, The task environment includes factors that, A. directly affect the organization in carrying out its operations, B. exist only inside the organization, C. never influence managers, D. are unrelated to strategy, The internal environment of an organization includes, A. its culture, owners, and employees, B. only government regulation, C. only foreign competition, D. only demographic change, Licensing is an international strategy in which a firm, A. builds a wholly owned foreign subsidiary, B. allows another firm to use its asset in return for payment, C. exports only finished goods directly, D. combines equally with a partner in a new entity, A strategic alliance is best described as, A. a complete merger of two firms, B. a cooperative arrangement between firms, C. a government trade rule, D. a form of deskilling, A joint venture occurs when, A. one firm buys all assets of another, B. two or more firms create a separate business entity together, C. a company exports goods through agents only, D. a firm avoids international risk entirely, Exporting means, A. buying foreign facilities, B. selling products in another country, C. sharing patents only, D. hiring only international managers.

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