Euphotic zone, Top 70-100m of the ocean that sunlight can penetrate, Aphotic zone, Bottom 100+m of the ocean where all sunlight is absorbed or scattered, Latitude, Measure of how far north or south of the equator a location is, Equator, Latitude 0 degrees, Poles, Latitude 90 degrees North or South, Axial tilt, Angle of the axis that Earth is rotating around this is ~ 20 degrees and creates changing seasons, Angle of insolation, Angle that incoming sunlight hits Earth's surface (low near poles, high and direct near equator), Photoperiod, Number of daylight hours in 24h this is higher during Summer and lower at Winter, Mixed layer, Upper 70-100m of ocean that is warmed by sunlight and mixed by wind/waves, Thermocline, Layer between the mixed and deep layers where temperature rapidly changes, Deep layer, Bottom layer of the ocean that is dense, cold, and completely dark, Density, Amount of matter in a given volume (g/cm3), Salinity, Amount of salt dissolved into a given volume of water (g/L), Hot water, Medium density form of water, Cold water, Most dense form of water, Ice, Least dense form of water, Evaporation, Process where liquid water changes into water vapour due to heating, leaving dissolved salts behind., Precipitation, Any form of water that falls from the atmosphere to Earth's surface, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail., Ice melting, Process that occurs at the poles during Summer months that decreases surface salinity, Brine exclusion, Highly saline water formed when salt concentration becomes greater than normal seawater., Brine, Extremely salty water formed when ice freezes (only fresh water becomes ice), Halocline, Layer between the mixed and deep layers where salinity rapidly changes, Pycnocline, Layer between the mixed and deep layers where density rapidly changes - controlled mostly by temperature

Oceans - composition

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