Frederick Griffith, Discovered the "Transforming Principle"; showed that bacteria can transfer genetic information through a process called transformation in 1928, Avery, MacLeod, & McCarty, Identified that the "transforming principle" was DNA, not protein, proving DNA is the substance of heredity in 1944, Hershey and Chase, Conducted the "Blender Experiment" using bacteriophages to confirm that DNA (and not protein) enters host cells to direct viral replication in 1952, Erwin Chargaff, Discovered "Chargaff's Rules": The amount of adenine equals thymine and and guanine equals cytosine in 1950, Franklin and Wilkins, Used X-ray crystallography to produce high-resolution images of DNA fibers in 1952, Watson and Crick, Determined the Double Helix structure of DNA, showing two strands running in opposite directions held by base pairs in 1953

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