Protein extraction, the process of isolating proteins from plant or animal tissues for laboratory analysis, Flow cytometry, a laboratory technique used to measure the characteristics of individual cells, including their DNA content, RNA isolation, the process of extracting RNA from cells or tissues for molecular analysis, Agarose gel electrophoresis, a laboratory technique used to separate DNA fragments according to their size using an electric current, Ploidy analysis, the determination of the number of chromosome sets in a cell or organism, Molecular marker, a specific DNA sequence used to identify genes, genetic variation, or particular plant traits, DNA isolation, the process of extracting DNA from cells or tissues for genetic analysis, DNA bands, visible lines on a gel representing DNA fragments of different sizes after electrophoresis, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), a technique used to amplify specific DNA fragments, producing millions of copies, Genome size estimation, the measurement of the total amount of DNA contained in an organism's genome, Plantlet, a young plant regenerated in tissue culture that can later be transferred to soil, Callus, an unorganized mass of undifferentiated plant cells formed during tissue culture, Acclimatization, the gradual adaptation of laboratory-grown plants to natural environmental conditions, Surface sterilization, the process of removing microorganisms from the surface of plant material before tissue culture, Shoot induction, the stage of tissue culture in which shoots begin to develop from plant cells or callus, Rooting, the process by which roots develop on regenerated shoots before transfer to soil, Explant, a small piece of plant tissue taken from a donor plant to start a tissue culture, Organogenesis, the process by which new organs, such as shoots and roots, develop from plant cells or tissues

Unit 5. Flashcards

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