The Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium is considered the "gold standard" in plant tissue culture. In which year was it developed?, 1952, 1962, 1972, 1982, What is the target pH for preparing standard MS medium, and why is it so critical?, pH 7.0, to match the pH of most soils., pH 5.8, to ensure mineral salts remain soluble and bioavailable., pH 5.2, to prevent the precipitation of sugars., pH 6.5, to optimize the gelling properties of all agar types., During the preparation of 1 litre of MS medium, what is the correct order of steps?, Add agar, adjust pH, add sucrose, autoclave., Dissolve MS salts, add sucrose, adjust pH, add agar, autoclave., Add growth regulators, dissolve MS salts, adjust pH, autoclave., Autoclave, add MS salts, adjust pH, add agar., The three physical states of growing media are, Solid, Semi-Solid, and Liquid., Solid, Powdered, and Liquid., Gel, Liquid, and Aerosol., Agar-based, Gelatin-based, and Synthetic., Which pair of macronutrients is correctly matched with its primary function?, Calcium (Ca) - Central atom of chlorophyll., Nitrogen (N) - Building block for proteins and nucleic acids., Potassium (K) - Essential for cell wall structure., Magnesium (Mg) - Regulates osmotic pressure., In the context of plant tissue culture, what is the primary role of micronutrients like Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn)?, They form the primary structural components of the cell wall., They act as the main carbon source for energy., They serve as cofactors for enzyme function and electron transport., They regulate the pH of the nutrient solution., Which of the following is the most common concentration of sucrose used in standard MS medium?, 10 g/L, 20 g/L, 30 g/L, 40 g/L, What is the standard temperature and time for autoclaving plant tissue culture media?, 100°C for 60 minutes, 115°C for 30 minutes, 121°C for 15 minutes, 135°C for 5 minutes, The organic components added to tissue culture media include vitamins. Which of the following is a vitamin commonly supplemented?, Sucrose, Thiamine (B1), Agar, Molybdenum, A lab technician forgot to adjust the pH of the MS medium to 5.8 before autoclaving. What is the most likely consequence?, The sucrose will caramelize and become toxic., The agar will not dissolve properly., Calcium and phosphate may precipitate, making nutrients unavailable., The media will take longer to sterilize.

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