Phoneme, The smallest unit of sound in spoken language., "cat"→ /k/ /æ/ /t/ (3 phonemes), Blending, Putting individual sounds together to read a whole word., /s/ + /u/ + /n/ → "sun", Segmenting, Breaking a spoken word into its individual sounds for spelling., dog → /d/ /ɒ/ /g/, Grapheme, A letter or group of letters that represents one sound., ship → "sh" represents the sound /ʃ/, Decoding, Using letter–sound knowledge to read a written word., See "m-a-p" → read "map"., Encoding, Using sounds to choose the correct letters to write a word., Hear "/m/ /æ/ /p/" → write "map"

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