Evolution, Change in the genetic makeup of populations over generations., Natural SelectionDescent with Modification, Process where individuals with favorable traits survive and reproduce more successfully., Variation, Differences in traits among individuals in a population., Differential Reproduction, Individuals with advantageous traits leave more offspring., Inheritance, Passing genetic traits from parents to offspring., Fitness, Ability of an organism to survive and produce offspring that also reproduce., Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Scientist who proposed the theory of acquired characteristics., Theory of Acquired Characteristics, Idea that traits gained during life can be inherited by offspring., Biodiversity, Variety of life forms on Earth., Vestigial Traits, Structures inherited from ancestors that have lost most or all of their original function., Homology, Similar traits due to shared ancestry., Homoplasy, Similar traits that evolved independently, not from a common ancestor., Population, Group of individuals of the same species living in the same place at the same time., Genetic Diversity, Amount of genetic variation within and among populations., Genetic Variation, Differences in DNA sequences among individuals., Mutation, Random change in DNA that creates new genetic variation., Recombination, Shuffling of genes during sexual reproduction., Crossing Over, Exchange of DNA segments between homologous chromosomes during meiosis., Gene Pool, All alleles present in a population., Speciation, Formation of new species from an ancestral species., Geographic Isolation, Physical separation of populations that prevents interbreeding., Reproductive Isolation, Mechanisms that prevent different species from producing fertile offspring., Behavioral Isolation, Species-specific behaviors prevent mating., Habitat Isolation, Species live in different habitats and rarely encounter one another., Mechanical Incompatibility, Physical differences prevent successful mating., Gametic Incompatibility, Sperm and egg from different species cannot fertilize., Postzygotic Barrier, Reproductive barrier occurring after fertilization.Genetic Drift, Genetic Drift, Random changes in allele frequencies due to chance events., Bottleneck Effect, Loss of genetic diversity caused by a dramatic reduction in population size., Founder Effect, Genetic drift that occurs when a small group starts a new population.

Ch. 9 Part 1

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