Which statement best describes INNATE immunity?, It is specific and develops memory after exposure, It is present at birth, nonspecific, and has no memory, It is carried out only by B-lymphocytes, It requires a vaccine to become active, Which are part of the FIRST line of defense? Select all that apply., Natural killer cells, Intact skin, Gastric acid (HCl), Lysozyme in tears and saliva, Mucous membranes, Natural killer (NK) cells destroy infected or cancerous cells primarily by releasing:, Histamine and heparin, Antibodies, Perforin and granzymes, Interferon and mucus, Interferons are antimicrobial proteins whose main role is to:, Protect neighboring cells from viral infection, Neutralize stomach acid, Store platelets, Present antigens on MHC II, Which are effects of complement activation? Select all that apply., Production of gastric acid, Chemotaxis of immune cells, Inflammation, Cytolysis via the membrane attack complex (MAC), Opsonization, Which are the five cardinal signs of inflammation? Select all that apply., Loss of function, Pain, Redness, Swelling, Heat, The chemical released by mast cells and basophils that causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability during inflammation is:, Granzyme, Histamine, Lysozyme, Perforin, Fever is produced when pyrogens cause the ______ to reset body temperature upward., Spleen, Thymus, Red bone marrow, Hypothalamus, A patient has a warm, red, swollen, painful area around a wound. The nurse recognizes these as the cardinal signs of inflammation, which represent:, Antibody-mediated immunity by plasma cells, A sign the immune system has failed, A nonspecific innate response to tissue injury, A specific (adaptive) response requiring prior exposure, Which cells directly kill body cells that are infected or cancerous?, Regulatory T cells, Cytotoxic T cells (CD8), Plasma cells, Helper T cells (CD4), MHC class I molecules are found on ____ and are recognized by ____ T cells., plasma cells only; CD8 cytotoxic, red blood cells only; CD4 helper, all nucleated cells; CD8 cytotoxic, only APCs; CD4 helper, MHC class II molecules are displayed by antigen-presenting cells and bind:, CD8 cytotoxic T cells, NK cells, Erythrocytes, CD4 helper T cells, Which cells function as antigen-presenting cells (APCs)? Select all that apply., Mature red blood cells, Platelets, Macrophages, B-lymphocytes, Dendritic cells, Which T-cell type is considered the central coordinator that activates both cytotoxic T cells and B cells?, Helper T cell (CD4), Memory T cell, Regulatory T cell, Cytotoxic T cell (CD8), Activated B-lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells, whose main job is to:, Phagocytize bacteria, Secrete antibodies, Release histamine, Present antigen on MHC I, Which antibody class is the FIRST secreted during a primary immune response?, IgE, IgA, IgG, IgM, Which antibody class crosses the placenta to provide the fetus with protection?, IgD, IgA, IgG, IgE, Which statements correctly describe the SECONDARY immune response compared with the primary response? Select all that apply., It produces a higher level of antibodies, It relies on memory cells, It produces mostly IgG, It is weaker and slower than the primary response, It is faster, A child receives the MMR vaccine and later develops their own antibodies. This is an example of:, Active artificial immunity, Active natural immunity, Passive natural immunity, Passive artificial immunity, A newborn is protected from certain infections by antibodies received through the placenta and breast milk. This is best classified as:, Passive natural immunity, Passive artificial immunity, Active artificial immunity, Active natural immunity, A person bitten by a venomous snake is given a pre-made antivenom injection. This provides:, Passive natural immunity, Passive artificial immunity, Active natural immunity, Active artificial immunity, Which statement correctly contrasts active and passive immunity?, Passive immunity is produced only by vaccination, Active immunity is immediate but temporary; passive is delayed but long-lasting, Active immunity involves making your own antibodies and is long-lasting; passive uses ready-made antibodies and is temporary, Both provide lifelong memory, Which statements about the adaptive immune system are correct? Select all that apply., It is present and fully functional at birth without any exposure, It includes cell-mediated and antibody-mediated branches, It develops memory, It is specific to particular antigens, It normally shows self-tolerance, A nurse explains that a first exposure to a new pathogen produces a slow, weaker response, while a second exposure is fast and strong. The rapid second response is due to:, Interferon release only, Complement proteins, Increased gastric acid, Memory B and T cells, Which fever description is correct?, High fevers are harmless, A low-grade fever of 1–2° is dangerous and must always be suppressed, Fever has no effect on pathogens, A low-grade fever supports immunity; a high fever of 5–7° risks protein denaturation and seizures, Inflammation lasting longer than about two weeks is termed chronic and is characterized by:, Neutrophils only, Macrophages and lymphocytes, Plasma proteins only, Red blood cells, A client with HIV has a declining CD4 count. The nurse understands the client is increasingly vulnerable to infection because CD4 cells:, Filter blood in the spleen, Directly kill all pathogens, Coordinate the immune response and help activate CD8 and B cells, Produce surfactant, A client develops a red, itchy rash 2 days after contact with poison ivy. This is which type of hypersensitivity?, Delayed (cell-mediated), Subacute (humoral), Acute/anaphylactic (humoral), Not a hypersensitivity, Which immunoglobulin memory hook is correct?, IgM is "the first" and does not cross the placenta; IgG is "the OG" and crosses the placenta, IgE guards the mucous membranes, IgG is the first antibody in the primary response, IgM crosses the placenta

Immunity Questions

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