The Impact Event: A massive asteroid struck Earth, triggering volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and colossal wildfires., The Atmosphere & Climate: The air quickly filled with ash, soot, and toxic gases, blocking out the sunlight and creating a hot, suffocating greenhouse effect in the immediate aftermath., The Vegetation: Lush, tropical plants and flowering species (angiosperms) were instantly burned or withered due to the lack of sunlight and intense heat., The Fauna: Unable to find food or survive the extreme heat, the dominant non-avian dinosaurs—like Triceratops and Tyrannosaurus rex—faced sudden extinction, The Climate Shift: After the initial fires, the dust blocked the sun for years, leading to a "nuclear winter" with freezing temperatures, followed by a slowly stabilizing, cooler, and more seasonal climate., The Vegetation Recovery: With the tropical forests gone, resilient ferns, conifers, and deciduous trees (which lose their leaves in the winter) began to take over and heal the landscape., The New Fauna: Small, warm-blooded mammals and avian dinosaurs (birds) survived the disaster. With their competition gone, they began to rapidly evolve, diversify, and claim the new world.

Paleocene emerging

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