A rise or fall of liquid in a glass tube of a very small diameter when dipped is, a. directly proportional to the force per unit length of periphery, b. directly proportional to the sine of the angle of contact, c. directly proportional to the specific weigh of liquid, d. inversely proportional to the diameter of the glass tube., Hydrostatic pressure on a dam depends upon its, length, depth, shape, both b and c, Total pressure on the top of a closed cylindrical vessel completely filled with liquid, is directly proportional to:, radius, radius^2, radius^3, radius^4, The imaginary line drawn such that the tangents at its all points indicate the direction of the velocity of the fluid particles at each point, is called, a. path line, b. stream line, c. potential line, d. streak line., In flow, the liquid particles may possess, potential energy, b. kinetic energy, c. pressure energy, d. all the above, Total head of a liquid particle in motion is the sum of:, a. potential head and kinetic head, b. kinetic head and pressure head, c. potential head and pressure head, d. potential head, kinetic head and pressure head., The main assumption of Bernoulli's equation is:, a. The velocity of energy of liquid particle, across any cross-section of a pipe is uniform, b. No external force except the gravity acts on the liquid, c. There is no loss of energy of the liquid while flowing, d. All the above., Euler's equation for the motion of liquids assumes that:, a. fluid is viscous, b. fluid is homogeneous and incompressible, c. velocity of flow is non-uniform over the section, d. flow is unsteady along the stream line., Equation of continuity of flow is based on the principle of conservation of:, a. mass, b. momentum, c. force, d. none of these, The velocity of the fluid particle at the centre of the pipe section, is:, a. minimum, b. maximum, c. equal throughout, d. none of these, For solving the problems is hydraulic engineering, the velocity used is:, a. velocity at the centre of pipe section, b. average velocity of flow over a section, c. mean of the velocities at the centre and that along the pipe surface, d. none of these, A fluid particle may possess the displacement of:, a. translation, b. rotation, c. distortion, d. all the above, In a fluid flow a particle may possess:, a. elevation energy, b. kinetic energy, c. pressure energy, d. all the above, An independent mass of a fluid does not possess:, a. elevation energy, b. kinetic energy, c. pressure energy, d. none of these, While applying the Bernoulli's equation to total head, the work done on the flow system, if any:, a. is added on the right side of the equation, b. is added on the left side of the equation, c. is ignored, d. none of these, Pick up the incorrect statement from the following:, a. In radial flow, fluid flows such that pressure and velocity at any point change with respect to its distance from the central axis., b. In radial flow, velocity of flow is in a radial direction., c. In radial flow, flow may take place radially inward or outward from the centre., d. In radial flow, flow is one-dimensional with stream lines parallel, A pitot tube is used to measure:, a. pressure, b. differences in pressure, c. velocity of flow, d. none of these, The following is not a laminar flow:, a. Flow of oil in measuring instruments, b. Flow in beds in ground water, c. Rise of water in plants through roots, d. Flow in water pipe lines, An orifice is an opening in a vessel with:, a. closed perimeter of regular shape through which water flows, b. the water level of the liquid on the upstream side is below the top of the orifice, c. partially full flow, d. prolonged sides having length of 2 to 3 diameters of the opening in thick wall, Hydraulic coefficient of an orifice means the coefficient of:, a. velocity, b. contraction, c. resistance, d. all the above, In an inclined position, a venturimeter records:, a. more reading, b. less reading, c. same reading, d. none of these, Discharge through a totally submerged orifice is directly proportional to:, a. difference in elevation of water surfaces, b. square root of the difference in elevation of water surface, c. square root of the opening, d. reciprocal of the area of the opening, In an inclined pipe, the pressure difference at its two ends is due to:, a. sudden head drop at inlet, b. exit head drop, c. frictional loss head, d. all the above, For a long pipe, the head loss:, a. at the entrance is ignored, b. at the outlet is ignored, c. at the entrance and outlet both are ignored, d. due to friction is ignored, The magnitude of water hammer in a pipe depends:, a. speed at which valve is closed, b. length of the pipe line, c. elastic properties of the pipe material, d. all the above, Chezy's formula is used to determine:, a. head loss due to friction in pipe, b. velocity of flow in pipe, c. velocity of flow in open channels, d. none of these, In flowing liquids pitot tubes are used to measure:, a. discharge, b. pressure, c. velocity, d. depth, Due to decrease of diameter of the droplet, inside pressure intensity:, a. increases, b. decreases, c. remains unaffected, d. none of these, The velocity distribution of viscous fluid through a circular pipe is:, a. hyperbolic, b. circular, c. parabolic, d. elliptical, The shear stress distribution in viscous fluid through a circular pipe is:, a. maximum at the centre, b. maximum at the inside surface, c. same throughout the section, d. none of these, In steady flow, which one of the following changes with time:, a. velocity, b. pressure, c. density, d. none of these, Pick up the correct statement from the following:, a. In incompressible flow the density of a fluid remains constant., b. In compressible flow, the density of a fluid changes from point to point., c. In uniform flow, the velocity of a fluid does not change with respect to length of flow direction., d. All the above., The pressure rise due to water hammer depends upon:, a. the velocity of flow of water in the pipe, b. the length of pipe, c. time taken to close the valve, d. all the above, For steady flow in open channels, which one of the following does not change:, a. depth of flow, b. velocity of flow, c. rate of flow, d. All of these, The flow in open channel is said to be subcritical if the Froude number is:, a. less than 1.0, b. equal to 1.0, c. greater than 1.0, d. none, The flow in open channel is said to be critical if the Froude number is:, a. less than 1.0, b. equal to 1.0, c. greater than 1.0, d. none, For a most economical rectangular channel, the width of the channel must be, a. equal to depth of flow, b. twice the depth of flow, c. half the depth of flow, d. None of these., For a most economical rectangular channel, the hydraulic mean depth, is equal to, a. the depth of flow, b. half the depth of flow, c. one-third depth of flow, d. None of these., The best side slope for most economical trapezoidal section, is, a. 30°, b. 45°, c. 60°, d. None of these, For critical depth of flow of water in open channels, for the specific energy must be:, a. minimum, b. maximum, c. average of maximum and minimum, d. None of these., Orifice-meter is used to measure, a. pressure at the point, b. discharge, c. average speed, d. velocity., The inventor of the term soil mechanics, was, a. Kray, b. Dr. Karl Terzaghi, c. Leygue, d. Fellenius., Pick up the correct statement from the following:, a. To an agriculturist, soil is the substance existing on the earth's surface, which grows and develops plants, b. To a geologist, soil is the material in a relatively thin surface zone within which roots occur, and rest of the crust is termed as rock irrespective of hardness, c. To an engineer, soil is the unaggregated and uncemented deposits of minerals and organic particles covering the earth's crust, d. All the above., Pick up the correct statement from the following:, a. The void space between the soil grains, is filled partly with air and partly with water, b. In perfectly saturated soil, the voids are completely filled with water, c. In dry soil, the voids are completely filled with air, d. all the above., Cohesionless soil is, a. sand, b. silt, c. clay, d. clay and silt., The soil which contains finest grain particles, is, a. coarse sand, b. fine sand, c. silt, d. clay, The water content of soil is defined as the ratio of, a. volume of water to volume of given soil, b. volume of water to volume of voids in soil, c. weight of water to weight of air in voids, d. weight of water to weight of solids of given mass of soil, Buoyant unit weight equals the saturated density, a. multiplied by unit weight of water, b. divided by unit weight of water, c. plus unit weight of water, d. minus unit weight of water., The ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of soil solids in a given soil mass, is known, a. porosity, b. specific gravity, c. void ratio, d. water content., The ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume of the given soil mass, is known, a. porosity., b. specific gravity, c. void ratio, d. water content., The ratio of the weight of given volume of soil solids to the weight of an equal volume of distilled water at the given temperature, is known, a. porosity, b. specific gravity, c. void ratio-, d. water content., The ratio of the volume of water present in a given soil mass to the total volume of its voids, is known, a. porosity, b. void ratio, c. percentage voids, d. degree of saturation., The ratio of the difference between the void ratio of the soil in its loosest state and its natural void ratio (e) to the difference between the void ratios in the loosest and fully dense state, is generally termed as, a. degree of density, b. relativity, c. density index, d. all the above., Pick up the incorrect definition from the following:, a. Ratio of the compressive strength of unconfined undisturbed soil to that of remoulded soil, is known as the sensitivity of the soil sample, b. The rotation of soil particles into stable state while remoulding, is known as the thiostropy of soil, c. The water content at which a soil changes from the liquid state to solid state, is known liquid limit of the soil, d. The water content at which a soil flows, is known plastic limit of the soil, The liquid limit and plastic limit exist in, a. sandy soils, b. silty soils, c. gravel soils, d. clay soils., Hydrometer readings are corrected for:, a. temperature correction, b. meniscus correction, c. meniscus and dispersing agent corrections, d. temperature, meniscus and dispersing agent correction, The coefficient of curvature for a well graded soil, must be between, a. 0.5 to 1.0, b. 1.0 to 3.0, c. 3.0 to 4.0, d. 4.0 to 5.0., The minimum water content at which the soil just begins to crumble when rolled into threads 3 mm in diameter, is known, a. liquid limit, b. plastic limit, c. shrinkage limit, d. permeability limit., The minimum water content at which the soil retains its liquid state and also possesses a small shearing strength anginst flowing, is known, a. liquid limit, b. plastic limit, c. shrinkage limit, d. permeability limit., The maximum water content at which a reduction in water content does not cause a decrease in volume of a soil mass, is known, a. liquid limit, b. plastic limit, c. shrinkage limit, d. permeability limit., The plasticity index is the numerical difference between, a. liquid limit and plastic limit, b. plastic limit and shrinkage limit, c. liquid limit and shrinkage limit, d. none of these., The property of a soil which allows it to be deformed rapidly without rupture, elastic rebound and also a volume change, is known, a. porosity, b. plasticity, c. permeability, d. ductility., Which one of the following statements is true?, a. Clays are more porous than sands, b. Pressure of organic matter in a soil decreases the bearing capacity of the soil, c. Aluminous cement is used for foundations in soils with chemical deposits, d. All the above., The change of moisture content of soils, changes the, a. value of the angle of repose, b. amount of compaction required, c. cohesive strength of soil, d. all the above., The capillary rise of water, a. depends upon the force responsible, b. increases as the size of the soil particles increases, c. decreases as the size of the soil particles decreases, d. is less in wet soil than in dry soil., The internal molecular attraction of a soil, the cohesion, a. decreases as the moisture content increases, b. increases as the moisture content decreases, c. is more in well compacted clays, d. depends upon the external applied load., When the seepage pressure becomes equal to the pressure due to submerged weight of a soil, the effective pressure is reduced to zero and the soil particles have a tendency to move up in the direction of flow. This phenomenon is generally known, a. quick condition, b. boiling condition, c. quick sand, d. all the above., A critical hydraulic gradient may occur when, a. flow is in upward direction, b. seepage pressure is in upward direction, c. effective pressure is zero, d. all the above., During seepage through a soil, direction of seepage is always, a. parallel to equipotential lines, b. perpendicular to stream lines, c. perpendicular to equipotential lines, d. none of these., The quantity of seepage of water through soils is proportional to, a. coefficient of permeability of soil, b. total head loss through the soil, c. neither (a) nor (b), d. both (a) and (b)., The seepage force in a soil, is, a. perpendicular to the equipotential lines, b. proportional to the exit graident, c. proportional to the head loss, d. all the above., In a flow net, a. flow lines and equipotential lines cross each other at right angles, b. fields are rectangles whose length is twice the breadth, c. smaller the dimensions of the field, smaller will be the hydraulic gradient and velocity of flow through it, d. for homogeneous soil, the curves are smooth and circular, The shear resistance of a soil is contituted basically of the following component, a. The frictional resistance to translocation between the individual soil particles at their contact point, b. To the structural relation to displacement of the soil because of the interlocking of the particles, c. Cohesion and adhesion between the surfaces of the soil particles, d. All the above., The shear strength in plastic undrained clay, is due to, a. inter-granular friction, b. internal friction, c. cohesion, d. none of these., Through a point in a loaded soil, the principal stress is maximum on, a. minor principal plane, b. intermediate principal plane, c. major principal plane, d. none of these., The maximum shear stress occurs on the filament which makes an angle with the horizontal plane equal to, a. 30°, b. 45°, c. 60°, d. 90°, Depending upon the properties of a material, the failure envelope may, a. be either straight or curved, b. pass through the origin of stress, c. intersect the shear stress axis, d. all the above., The coefficient of compressibility of soil, in the ratio of, a. stress to strain, b. strain to stress, c. stress to settlement, d. rate of loading to that of settlement., The compression index of a soil, a. decreases with an increase in the liquid limit, b. increases with an increase in the liquid limit, c. decreases with an increase in the plastic limit, d. is not related with plastic limit., The ultimate settlement of a soil is directly proportional to:, a. depth of the compressible soil strata, b. compressive index, c. void ratio, d. both (a) and (b), The neutral stress in a soil mass is, a. force per neutral area, b. force per effective area, c. stess taken up by the pore water, d. stress taken up by solid particles., Pick up the correct statement from the following, a. Failure plane carries maximum shear stress, b. Failure plane does not carry maximum shear stress, c. Failure plane carries shear stress equal to maximum, d. None of these., If drainage is permitted throughout the test, during the application of both normal, and shear stresses so that full consolidation occurs and no excess pore pressure is set up at any stage of the test, is known as, a. quick test, b. drained test, c. consolidated undrained test, d. none of these., When drainage is permitted under initially applied normal stress only and full primarily consolidation is allowed to take place, the test is known as, a. quick test, b. drained test, c. consolidated undrained test, d. none of these., A direct shear test possesses the following disadvantage:, a. A relatively thin thickness of sample permits quick drainage, b. A relatively thin thickness of sample permits quick dissipation of pore pressure developed during the test, c. As the test progresses the area under shear, gradually changes, d. none of these., A triaxial shear test is preferred to direct shear test, because, a. it can be performed under all three driange conditions with complete control, b. precise measurement of pore pressure and change in volume during test, is not posible, c. stress distribution on the failure plane, is non uniform, d. none of these., Pick up the correct statement from the following:, a. An unconfined compression test is a special case oftriaxial compression test, b. An unconfined compression test is a special case of direct shear test, c. The confining pressure is maximum during an unconfined compression test, d. The cylindrical specimen of a soil is subjected to major principal stress till it fails due to shearing along the plane of the failure., For testing a saturated clay for shear strength, the test recommended, is, a. direct shear test, b. triaxial compression test, c. unconfined compression test, d. all the above., On wetting, cohesive soils,, a. loose permeability, b. gain shear strength, c. loose elasticity, d. decrease their shear strength., Cohesive soils are generally, a. plastic and also compressible, b. elastic and also compressible, c. plastic but incompresssible, d. none of these., A soil mass is said to be in plastic equilibrium if, a. it is stressed to maximum, b. it is on the verge of failure, c. it is in plastic stage, d. it starts flowing., In active state of plastic equilibrium in a non cohesive soil with horizontal ground surface, a. major principal stress is horizontal, b. minor principal stress is vertical, c. major principal stress is vertical, d. minor and major principal stresses are equally inclined to horizontal., Pick up the correct definition from the following:, a. The lateral pressure exerted by the soil when the retaining wall moves away from the back fill, is generally known as active earth pressure of the soil, b. The lateral pressure exerted by the soil when the retaining wall moves towards the soil, is generally known as 'Passive earth pressure of the soil, c. The lateral pressure exerted by the soil when the retaining wall has no movement relative to the back fill, is known as 'earth pressure at rest of the soil', d. All the above., The lateral earth pressure on a retaining wall, a. is equal to mass of the soil retained, b. proportional to the depth of the soil, c. proportional to the square of the depth of the soil, d. proportional to the internal friction of the soil, If the coefficient of the active pressure Ka is 1/3, the coefficient of passive pressure Kp, is, a. 1/3, b. 3, c. 2/3, d. 3/2, The compression resulting from a long term static load and consequent escape of pore water, is known as, a. compaction, b. consolidation, c. swelling, d. none of these., Compression of soil occurs rapidly if voids are filled with, a. air, b. water, c. (c) partly with air and partly with water, d. none of these, The compressibility of clays, is caused due to:, a. expulsion of double layer water from in between the grains, b. sliping of particles to new positions of greater density, c. bending of particles as elastic sheets, d. all the above., A clay subjected to pressure in excess to its present over-burden, is said to be, a. pre-compressed, b. pre-consolidated, c. over-consolidated, d. all the above., A soil not fully consolidated under the existing over burden pressure, is called, a. pre-consolidated, b. normally consolidated, c. over-consolidated, d. none of these.

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