Torque, A rotational force — the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis. Measured in Newton-metres (Nm)., Tensile strength, The maximum stress a material can withstand when being stretched before breaking. Measured in Megapascals (MPa)., Coefficient of friction, A dimensionless number describing the ratio of friction force to normal force between two surfaces (symbol: mu)., Load-bearing capacity, The maximum force or load a component can sustain without failure. Measured in Newtons (N)., Thermal expansion, The tendency of a material to change shape or volume in response to a change in temperature., Angular velocity, The rate of rotation — how quickly an object rotates around an axis. Measured in radians per second (rad/s) or RPM., Compressive strength, The maximum stress a material can withstand when being compressed before failure. Measured in MPa., Viscosity, A fluid's resistance to flow. Relevant to lubricants. High viscosity = thick fluid; low viscosity = thin fluid., Yield point, The stress at which a material begins to deform permanently (plastically) rather than elastically., Resonance frequency, The frequency at which a system naturally oscillates with maximum amplitude. Operating at resonance frequency can cause destructive vibration., Moment of inertia, A measure of an object's resistance to rotational acceleration — the rotational equivalent of mass. Depends on mass distribution., Surface roughness, A measure of surface texture — average deviation of surface irregularities. Measured in micrometres (Ra). Lower Ra = smoother.

12 Engineering Terms

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