Increased tidal volume, More air taken in per breath, Increased ventilation, More air breathed in and out per minute, Increased pulmonary and alveolar diffusion, Faster rate of gasesous exchange due to, Decreased resting and submaximal respiratory rates, The body breathes less frequently at rest and submaximal intensity due to more air taken in per breath, Increased stroke volume, More blood pumped from the heart per beat, Decreased resting and submaximal HR, Due to greater SV, HR will decrease at rest and submaximal intensities, Increased heart capillarisation, Increased arterial size and capillary numbers at the heart​, Increased cardiac output, Cardiac hypertrophy will increase SV and ultaimtely allow for greater..., Increased blood volume, More blood transported around the body with higher amounts of red blood cells and plasma, Increased muscle capillarisation, Faster rates of gaseous exchange at the muscle, Redistribution of blood, More blood sent to working muscles, Increased mitochondrial density, More sites where oxygen can be turned into energy, Increased myoglobin, Higher amounts of a protein that carries oxygen to the mitochondria, Increased oxidative enzymes, Greater amount of enzymes that allow oxygen to be broken down into energy, Increased glycogen stores, Increased amount of fuel in the muscles from consuming CHO, Increased fat oxidisation, Greater ability to use triglycerides for energy and therefore save glycogen, Muscular hypertrophy, Increased size of muscles allow greater speed and force of contraction, Increased anaerobic enzymes, Greater amount of enzymes that allow energy to be broken down without oxygen, Improved anaerobic capcity, Greater ability to produce energy using the ATP-PC and Anaerobic Glycolysis Systems, Increased motor unit recruitment, Greater ability to recruit motor units allowing greater speed and force of contraction, Improved synchronisation of motor units, An increased ability to coordinate or synchronise the activation of more motor units at the same timemotor units at the same timemotor units at the same time, Increased motor unit firing frequency, Successive signals are sent to the muscle fibre before it has had a chance to relax from the previous one - resulting in greater speed and force of contraction, Vo2 max, Maximum amount of O2 that can be taken in, transported to and used by the muscles for ATP production, LIP, Final point where lactate production is met by lactate removal, Lactate tolerance, Ability of an athlete to continue to exercise at high intensities, despite the accumulation of lactate

Chronic Adaptations

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