Variables, any factor, trait, or condition that can change or vary, Independent variable, the factor that the researcher changes or controls to test its effects. The cause., Dependent variable, the effect or outcome. This is what the researcher measures to see how it responds to the independent variable, Sample, participants, Standarization, the process of keeping rules, steps, and measurements the same for every part of a study, Triangulation, the practice of using multiple sources, methods, investigators, or theories to cross-check and verify study findings,, Confound, an outside factor in a study that links to both the cause (independent variable) and the effect (dependent variable), Blinding research, a practice where key details are hidden from people involved in the study, Single-blind, a type of scientific test where the people taking part do not know the purpose of the test, Double-blind, a type of scientific test where neither the people taking part nor the reseracher do not know the purpose of the test, External validity, the measure of how well test results or research findings from a study can apply to real-world everyday settings., Transparency, openly sharing the data, methods, code, and study designs so anyone can verify, reproduce, or build upon scientific findings

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