Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?, True nucleus, Linear DNA inside the nucleus, Circular DNA in a nucleoid, Meiosis, Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?, A) Nitrogenous base, B) Pentose sugar, C) Phosphate group, D) Amino acid, 3. What type of bond connects nucleotides together in a DNA strand?, A) Hydrogen bond, B) Peptide bond, C) Phosphodiester bond, D) Ionic bond, 4. Why are the two DNA strands described as antiparallel?, A) They contain different bases, B) They run in opposite directions, C) They have different sugars, D) They are both single-stranded, 5. Which statement correctly describes DNA replication?, A) It produces RNA from DNA, B) It produces proteins from mRNA, C) Each new DNA molecule contains one old strand and one new strand, D) It occurs only after protein synthesis, 6. What is the main purpose of DNA sequencing?, A) To amplify DNA, B) To determine the exact order of nucleotides, C) To produce proteins, D) To separate DNA strands, 7. During transcription, which enzyme synthesizes mRNA?, A) DNA polymerase, B) Taq polymerase, C) RNA polymerase, D) Reverse transcriptase, 8. Where does translation mainly occur in eukaryotic cells?, A) Nucleus, B) Ribosome in the cytoplasm, C) Mitochondrial matrix only, D) Cell membrane, 9. What is the correct order of the main PCR steps?, A) Extension → Denaturation → Annealing, B) Annealing → Extension → Denaturation, C) Denaturation → Annealing → Extension, D) Denaturation → Extension → Annealing

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