Explain, Social learning theory suggests that aggression can be learned through observing and imitating others, particularly when aggressive behaviour is rewarded. For example, Bandura et al. (1961) found that children who observed an aggressive adult were more likely to reproduce aggressive behaviours. However, the influence of observation may depend on factors such as the consequences experienced by the model and the child’s identification with the model. Therefore, social learning provides an important explanation of aggression, but it does not fully account for individual differences in aggressive behaviour., Outline, Asch (1956) investigated conformity using a line-judgment task. Participants were asked to identify which of three comparison lines matched a standard line. Confederates deliberately gave incorrect answers on some trials. Asch found that participants conformed to the incorrect majority on approximately one-third of the critical trials, demonstrating that group pressure can influence individual judgments., Evaluate, Asch’s (1956) study has high control because the laboratory setting allowed him to standardize the procedure and establish a clear cause-and-effect relationship between group pressure and conformity. However, the artificial line-judgment task may lack ecological validity because making judgments about lines does not represent the complexity of conformity in everyday life. Additionally, the participants were male American students, limiting the generalizability of the findings. Overall, the study provides strong evidence that group pressure can influence conformity, but its findings may not apply to all situations or populations., To what extent, Social learning theory explains aggression to a considerable extent because Bandura et al. (1961) demonstrated that children can learn aggressive behaviours by observing and imitating others. However, aggression is influenced by other factors, such as biological predispositions and environmental conditions, which social learning theory does not fully explain. Therefore, social learning theory provides a strong explanation for how aggressive behaviour can be acquired, but it is not a complete explanation of why aggression occurs., Discuss, Social media can support adolescent social development by providing opportunities to communicate, form friendships, and develop a sense of belonging. However, excessive social media use may also contribute to social comparison and negatively affect self-esteem. Research suggests that the effects may depend on how adolescents use social media and the quality of their online interactions. Therefore, social media can have both positive and negative effects on social development, depending on the individual and the context., Apply, According to attachment theory, the child’s distress may be explained by their attachment to their mother, who acts as a secure base. When the mother leaves, the child experiences separation anxiety because their attachment figure is no longer available. If the child has developed a secure attachment, they are likely to seek proximity to their mother and become reassured when she returns., Analyze, Stress can affect memory by influencing the release of cortisol, which can interfere with the functioning of the hippocampus. This may reduce a person’s ability to encode or retrieve information effectively. However, the relationship is not always negative, as moderate levels of stress may sometimes improve memory by increasing attention and arousal. Therefore, the relationship between stress and memory depends on the intensity and duration of stress., Compare and contrast, Both the cognitive and biological approaches explain memory using systematic psychological research. The cognitive approach focuses on mental processes such as encoding, storage, and retrieval, whereas the biological approach focuses on how brain structures and neural processes support memory. For example, cognitive explanations may examine the role of schemas, while biological explanations may examine the hippocampus. Therefore, both approaches aim to explain memory, but they focus on different levels of explanation., Identify, Informed consent is an ethical consideration in psychological research., Suggest, The school could introduce a weekly mindfulness program to help students develop stress-management skills.

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