Adjacency pair, statement and response forming a basic conversational unit, Conversational floor, speaking until finished or interrupted, Status, perceived authority and influence relative to others, Topic shift, point where speakers move to another topic, Feedback, signals showing a listener is following, Clashing, two speakers talk at once and one stops, Repairing, self-correction or correction during conversation, Conversation endings, formulaic ways of closing a conversation, Paralinguistic features, unspoken communication like gesture and facial expression, Prosodic features, intonation, stress, tone and speed in speech, Tone, emotion carried by an utterance, Pitch, how high or low the voice is, Volume, how loud or soft the voice is, Speed, pace of speech, High-rising terminal, rising tone signalling a turn is ending, Back-channelling, listener words and sounds showing attention, Elision, omission of a sound or syllable in speech, Ellipsis, intentional omission of words from a text, Transcription, written record of spoken language using symbols, Culture, values and information for life in society, Colloquial, casual everyday conversational language, Metalanguage, language used to describe language, Phatic communication, social talk used to build relationships, Diversity, differences in conventions of spoken and written English, Adverbs and adverbial phrases, words and phrases modifying adjectives in speech or writing, Contraction, shortened word with omitted letters marked by apostrophe, Deixis, words locating conversation in shared context, Discourse markers, words marking boundaries or topic changes, Fixed expressions, routine phrases maintaining shared cultural understanding, Hedges and vague language, strategies that soften or avoid directness

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