What are the main functions of the urinary tract, Remove waste, regulate fluids and hormones, How is waste removed by the urinary system, In the form of urine, What blood component production do kidneys help regulate, Red blood cells, What body system helps regulate blood pressure hormones, Urinary system, What helps keep bones strong in urinary tract function, Kidney hormone activity, What are four factors that affect urine production, Diet, breathing, exercise, medications, What is the expected appearance of normal urine, Light yellow and clear, What can dark brown urine indicate, Dehydration or kidney liver issues, What can red tinted urine indicate, Blood in urine, What effect does increased water intake have on urine, Clearer urine and more output, Which foods may cause reddish urine, Blackberries, beets, rhubarb, What can certain food dyes do to urine color, Turn it blue or green, Which foods may cause dark brown urine, Aloe or fava beans, Which food commonly increases urine odor, Asparagus, What beverages can increase urine production, Alcohol and caffeine, What dietary mineral can increase urine production, Sodium, Name key interventions for urinary incontinence, Diet, exercises, bladder training, What exercise may help urinary incontinence, Pelvic floor exercise, What substances should be reduced with urinary incontinence, Caffeine and alcohol, Why are urine and stool important for skin care, They irritate the skin, What common condition can cause urinary retention in males, Prostate enlargement, What pelvic organ problem can cause urinary retention, Cystocele, What infection risk increases with urinary retention, UTI, What bladder complication can urinary retention cause, Overstretching damage, What are common cues of urinary retention, Pain, hesitancy, weak stream, What assessment finding may occur with urinary retention, Abdominal pelvic distention, What leakage pattern can occur with urinary retention, Urinary leakage, What is a common immediate intervention for urinary retention, Drain bladder with catheter, What bedside scan helps assess urinary retention, Bladder scanning, What drug type decreases urine production, Antidiuretics, What is an example of an antidiuretic, Desmopressin, What drug class increases urine production, Diuretics, What are examples of thiazide diuretics, Hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone, What are examples of loop diuretics, Furosemide and bumetanide, What are examples of potassium sparing diuretics, Spironolactone and amiloride, How can UTI alter urination, Increased frequency, How can kidney stones alter urination, Increased frequency, How can kidney failure alter urination, Decreased urination, How can BPH alter urination, Retention and frequency, What is the most temporary urinary diversion, Urinary catheterization, What is a suprapubic catheter, Catheter through abdominal opening, What is an ileal conduit, Urostomy using small intestine, What is a nephrostomy, Tube from kidney to pouch, What is a cystotomy, Catheter directly into bladder, What is a neobladder, Bowel made bladder reservoir, What is a continent cutaneous reservoir, Internal pouch drained by catheter, What is the purpose of ureteral stents, Allow urine past blockage, What does uroflowmetry measure, Urine speed and volume, What does postvoid residual measure, Urine left after voiding, What does a cystometric test evaluate, Bladder capacity and filling pressure, What does leak point pressure measurement assess, Pressure when bladder leaks, What does electromyography evaluate in urology, Bladder and sphincter impulses, What does a video urodynamic test provide, Images during filling and emptying, What does cystoscopy visualize, Urethra and bladder lining, What does ureteroscopy visualize, Ureters and kidneys lining, What does a pressure flow study measure, Pressure needed to urinate, What is a urinalysis used to evaluate, UTI, kidney disease, diabetes, What supplies are needed for urinalysis collection, Label, sterile cup, gloves, How should a urine culture specimen be collected, Clean catch midstream sample, How is a 24 hour urine specimen handled, Collected all day and refrigerated, What is a 24 hour urine collection helpful for, Evaluating kidney function, What are key clean catch steps, Wash, cleanse, collect midstream, What technique is used with catheter urine collection, Sterile technique, What allergies should be checked before catheterization, Iodine or betadine, What factors affect stool production, Diet, age, activity, fluids, What foods and substances raise diarrhea risk, Alcohol, caffeine, spicy foods, How does increased age affect bowel emptying, Decreases rate of emptying, How does inactivity affect stool production, Decreases production, How do low fluid and fiber intake affect stool, Decrease production, What is constipation, Hard infrequent difficult stools, Who is at increased risk for constipation, Older adults and postpartum clients, What is the expected pattern of stool elimination, Routine passage of soft stool, What stool related findings are unexpected, Bleeding, pain, weight loss, What are nursing interventions for constipation, Fiber, fluids, exercise, bowel training, What medication type softens stool by absorbing water, Bulk forming laxatives, What are examples of bulk forming laxatives, Psyllium and methylcellulose, What are examples of surfactant stool softeners, Docusate sodium and calcium, What do stimulant laxatives do, Stimulate peristalsis, What are examples of stimulant laxatives, Bisacodyl and senna, What do osmotic laxatives do, Retain water and promote peristalsis, What are examples of osmotic laxatives, Lactulose and polyethylene glycol, What is diarrhea, Frequent loose watery stools, What are cues of diarrhea, Cramps, bloating, nausea, What complications can occur with diarrhea, Dehydration and malabsorption, What are nursing interventions for diarrhea, Find cause and rehydrate, What over the counter medications may treat diarrhea, Loperamide or bismuth subsalicylate, What management strategies help bowel incontinence, Diet changes and medications, What substances should be reduced in bowel incontinence, Caffeine and alcohol, What medications can affect bowel production, Opiates, antibiotics, antacids, How can IBS alter bowel elimination, Diarrhea, constipation, or both, How does bowel obstruction affect elimination, Severe constipation, How does ileus affect bowel output, Decreased output, How does ulcerative colitis affect stools, Diarrhea, How does Crohn disease affect stools, Diarrhea, What is an ileostomy, Diversion using ileum, What is a colostomy, Colon forms abdominal stoma, What is a J pouch, Internal ileal reservoir to anus, What is a Kock pouch, Continent ileostomy drained by catheter, What is a rectal tube used for, Prevent stool soiling incontinence, What does a fecal occult blood test check for, Blood in stool

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