Drainage Basin, The complete area of land that is drained by a main river and it’s tributaries, Watershed, the high boundary or dividing line that separates one drainage basin from another, Source, the starting point of a river, usually located in upland or mountain areas, Mouth, The end point of a river where it enters the sea, ocean or lake, Tributary, A smaller stream or river that flows into a larger main river, Confluence, The exact point where two or more rivers meet and join together, River Channel, The defined trench or bed through which the central water of a river flows, Precipitation, Any form of water, liquid or solid, falling from clouds to Earth ( eg. rain, sleet, snow, hail ), Evaporation, The process where liquid water gets heated by the Sun and turns into invisible water vapor gas, Condensation, The process where rising water vapor cools high in the air and changes into liquid water droplets to form clouds, Surface Runoff, Water flowing across the surface of the ground directly into rivers and streams, Infiltration, the downward movement of water soaking from the land surface into the soil, Percolation, the deep movement of water, passing through the soil layer down into the rock below, Interception, the process where a plant leaves and trees catch rainfall before it reaches the ground, Groundwater, water that is stored in permeable rock layers, deep beneath the Earth’s surface, Permeable, materials or rocks that allow water to pass through or be absorbed into them, Impermeable, materials or rock types do not allow water to pass through or be absorbed, Erosion, the physical, wearing away removal of rock and soil by running water, Hydraulic Action, a type of erosion caused by the sheer force of moving water, smashing against riverbanks and forcing air into cracks, Attrition, erosion cause when rocks carried by the river of knock against each other, breaking into smaller rounder pieces, Abrasion, erosion, where pebbles and rocks grind along the riverbed and banks like a sandpapering effect, Solution ( Corrosion ), erosion that happens when acidic river water slowly dissolves, soluble rock types, Transportation, the process where a river carries eroded material and rocks downstream, Deposition, the process where a river drops or deposits it’s carried sediment when it loses energy, Upper Course, the steepest, uppermost section of a river near the source where vertical erosion dominates, V-Shaped Valley, a narrow, steep-sided valley cut downward into the rock by vertical river, erosion, and upper courses, Interlocking Spurs, a series of ridge projections that alternate from side to side around which a river winds in its upper course, Waterfall, a steep, sudden drop in a river bed formed where hard rock overly softer rock, Gorge, a steep-sided, narrow Valley, cut into the landscape as a waterfall retreats upstream, Plunge Pool, a deep basin created at the base of a waterfall by the force of falling water and abrasion, Middle Course, the central section of a river where the slope decreases, and lateral erosion forms meanders, Meander, a pronounced winding curve or bend in a river’s course, River Cliff, a steep vertical wall on the outer end of a meander formed by aggressive fast-flowing water erosion, Slip-off Slope, a gentle slope, built up on the inner bend of a meander by sediment deposition in slow moving water, Ox-bow lake, a horseshoe-shaped lake formed when a meander neck is eroded through and cut off from the main river, Lower Course, the flattest, lowest section of a river near the mouth where deposition dominates, Floodplain, broad, flat land on either side of a river that is prone to seasonal flooding

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