Islam, A monotheistic religion founded on the teachings of Muhammad., Muhammad, The prophet and founder of Islam. Muslims believe he received revelations from Allah., Abu Bakr, Muhammad's close companion and the first caliph after Muhammad's death., Sunni, Muslims who believed the community should choose the leader after Muhammad's death., Shiite (Shia), Muslims who believed leadership should remain within Muhammad's family, beginning with Ali., Umayyad Dynasty, Muslim dynasty that ruled after the first caliphs and expanded the Islamic Empire., Abbasid Dynasty, Dynasty that replaced the Umayyads and made Baghdad its capital., Caliph, A political and religious leader of the Muslim community after Muhammad., Jihad, An Arabic term meaning struggle or striving in the cause of God; it can refer to personal or communal religious struggle., Quran, The sacred book of Islam, believed by Muslims to contain the revelations of Allah to Muhammad., Five Pillars, The five basic acts of worship and duties in Islam., Kaaba, A sacred building in Mecca toward which Muslims face when praying., Mecca, The birthplace of Muhammad and Islam's holiest city., Hijrah, Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE., Muslim, A person who follows Islam., Baghdad, Capital of the Abbasid Dynasty and an important center of learning and culture., House of Wisdom, A major center of learning in Baghdad where scholars studied, translated, and preserved knowledge.

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