Which statement defines anabolism in living cells?, A) The breakdown of complex substances into simple molecules to release energy, B) The synthesis of complex molecules from simple molecules absorbing energy, C) The physical transport of proteins across the plasma membrane, D) The permanent denaturation of enzymes at high temperatures, Which enzyme does not follow the conventional naming rule of adding the suffix **'-ase'** to its substrate?, A) Lactase, B) Pectinase, C) Trypsin, D) Cellulase, Which statement describes a general characteristic of enzymes?, A) They are destroyed after completing a catalytic reaction., B) They are required in large quantities to function., C) Their structure remains unchanged and reusable after a reaction., D) They raise the activation energy needed for cellular reactions., What is the primary role of an enzyme as a biological catalyst?, A) To slow down cellular reactions and conserve ATP energy, B) To speed up biochemical reactions inside living organisms, C) To turn all simple substrates into inorganic salts, D) To convert cellular water into insoluble proteins, What is an intracellular enzyme ?, A) An enzyme secreted outside the cell to act in the duodenum, B) An enzyme synthesised in a cell for its own internal use, C) An enzyme bound to inert alginate beads in industrial vats, D) An enzyme that functions only in blood plasma, In the lock and key hypothesis of enzyme action, what does the **key** represent?, A) The enzyme, B) The active site, C) The substrate, D) The product, What is meant by activation energy ?, A) The thermal energy absorbed when an enzyme denatures at 60°C, B) The energy needed to break chemical bonds in substrate molecules before a reaction occurs, C) The total energy released during catabolic respiration, D) The surface charge on an active site at pH 6.8, What is the optimal temperature for most enzyme-catalysed reactions in the human body?, A) 10°C, B) 25°C, C) 37°C, D) 60°C, Which enzyme is utilized commercially to produce lactose-free milk ?, A) Pectinase, B) Lactase, C) Trypsin, D) Cellulase, Which sequence correctly outlines the organelle pathway in the synthesis and secretion of an extracellular enzyme ?, A) Ribosome → Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum → Transport vesicle → Golgi apparatus → Secretory vesicle → Plasma membrane, B) Golgi apparatus → Ribosome → Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum → Secretory vesicle → Transport vesicle, C) Ribosome → Secretory vesicle → Golgi apparatus → Transport vesicle → Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, D) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum → Ribosome → Transport vesicle → Golgi apparatus → Plasma membrane, How does the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction change as temperature rises from 10°C towards 37°C ?, A) The rate drops to zero due to loss of active site shape., B) The rate doubles for every 10°C increase in temperature up to the optimum., C) The active site changes permanently., D) The activation energy increases sharply., Why does increasing temperature towards the optimum level increase the rate of an enzyme reaction?, A) It denatures competing inhibitor molecules., B) It increases the kinetic energy of enzymes and substrates, raising the frequency of effective collisions., C) It depletes all cofactors in the solution., D) It converts products back into substrates., What is the optimal pH for the stomach enzyme **pepsin**?, A) pH 1.5 – 2.5, B) pH 6.8, C) pH 8.5, D) pH 11.0, What happens to an enzyme molecule when it experiences an extreme pH change ?, A) Its kinetic energy rises to infinity., B) Chemical bonds break, causing denaturation and altering the active site shape., C) Substrate concentration automatically doubles., D) The enzyme transforms into a inorganic cofactor., When substrate concentration is increased at a fixed enzyme concentration, why does the reaction rate eventually reach a maximum level (plateau) ?, A) The kinetic energy of the substrate drops to zero., B) All active sites on the enzyme molecules are fully saturated with substrates., C) Heavy metal inhibitors destroy all enzymes., D) Anabolism converts all substrates into cofactors., At the maximum plateau of a substrate concentration graph, what becomes the **limiting factor**?, A) Substrate concentration, B) Enzyme concentration, C) Product concentration, D) Activation energy, Which enzyme is used in the leather industry to extract fur from animal hides ?, A) Pectinase, B) Trypsin, C) Amylase, D) Cellulase, What is a major advantage of immobilized enzyme technology in industrial production?, A) Enzymes are destroyed after one use to keep products pure., B) Enzymes are attached to inert, insoluble matrices, increasing resistance to pH/heat changes and allowing easy product separation., C) It removes active sites from enzymes., D) It converts extracellular enzymes into intracellular enzymes., An enzyme solution is heated to 60°C, causing the reaction rate to drop rapidly to zero. What occurs at the molecular level?, A) Substrates freeze and cannot enter active sites., B) High thermal energy breaks chemical bonds, destroying the 3D active site shape so it no longer complements the substrate., C) Heavy metals like lead and mercury are produced., D) Activation energy falls below zero., Hexokinase functions during glycolysis inside the cytoplasm, whereas **trypsin** breaks down proteins in the duodenum. How are these enzymes classified by their location of action?, A) Both are extracellular enzymes., B) Hexokinase is an intracellular enzyme; trypsin is an extracellular enzyme., C) Hexokinase is an extracellular enzyme; trypsin is an intracellular enzyme., D) Both are immobilized enzymes., Pepsin operates at pH 1.5–2.5 in the stomach. What happens to pepsin when it passes into the duodenum where the pH is 8.5?, A) Its activity increases because alkaline pH provides extra kinetic energy., B) It continues breaking down proteins at the same speed., C) The drastic pH shift breaks chemical bonds and alters active site charges, denaturing pepsin and stopping its action., D) It turns into trypsin., In an experiment with an excess supply of substrate, the enzyme concentration is doubled. How does this affect the reaction rate per unit time?, A) The rate decreases by half due to crowded active sites., B) The rate doubles because twice as many active sites are available for catalysis., C) The rate stays constant because substrate is limiting., D) The optimal temperature shifts to 60°C., Which non-protein substances, such as vitamin B or magnesium ions, bind to certain enzymes to help them work more efficiently?, A) Inhibitors, B) Substrates, C) Cofactors, D) Heavy metals, Chemical agents like lead or mercury decrease or completely stop enzyme activity. What are these substances called?, A) Cofactors, B) Inhibitors, C) Products, D) Substrates, A juice factory wants to clarify cloudy fruit juice and break down plant cell walls. Which pair of enzymes should be added?, A) Protease and lipase, B) Pectinase and cellulase, C) Trypsin and renin, D) Lactase and amylase, How do enzymes lower the activation energy of a biochemical reaction?, A) By raising the temperature inside the cell to 60°C., B) By forming an enzyme-substrate complex that weakens bonds in the substrate, allowing the reaction to proceed faster., C) By permanently altering the chemical composition of products., D) By absorbing all heat released in catabolism., In biological washing powders, which enzyme is correctly paired with its target stain?, A) Protease → Starch stains, B) Lipase → Lipid / Fat stains, C) Cellulase → Lactose stains, D) Pectinase → Blood stains

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