Substitution, A mutation involving substitution of a single nucleotide base with another., Deletion, One or more nucleotide bases are removed and lost forever., Metabolic pathway, A series of enzyme controlled reactions where the initial substrate is modified in a step-by-step process to form final products., Genotype, A genetic combination of alleles which produces a specific trait., Mutation, A permanent change in the base sequence of DNA., Reading frameshift, A gene mutation where the addition or deletion of base(s) causes a shift in the reading frame of the mRNA codons., Degenerate code, A code in which several codons specify the same amino acid., Gene, A sequence of a DNA strand that codes for a specific trait., Transcription, The process of copying genetic information from the DNA template strand onto a complementary strand of mRNA., Translation, The matching of codons on a mRNA strand to the tRNA to form a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis., Polypeptide chain, A chain of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds., Triplet, A unit of three successive DNA nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid., Nucleotide, The building blocks of DNA containing a phosphate group, a sugar and a nitrogenous base., Missense mutation, A point mutation which changes the amino acid sequence but may not change the chemical properties of the protein produced., Nonsense mutation, A genetic mutations which turns a normal amino acid-specifying codon into a premature stop codon., Silent mutation, A point mutation which does not change the resulting amino acid sequence of the protein., Phenotype, The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism., Enzyme, A biological catalyst which speeds up a reaction without being consumed or altered., Mutagen, An agent (eg. radiation or a chemical substance) which causes genetic mutation, Lethal allele, A variant of a gene that causes the death of an organism.

Gene Expression

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