earthquake, a sudden release of energy inside the Earth that creates seismic waves; usually caused by movement of tectonic plates or volcanic activity, crust, the outermost layer of rock on Earth, mantle, a region of molten rock within the interior of the Earth, between the core and the crust, seismic, having to do with vibrations of the Earth's crust; earthquakes, oceanic crust, the dense, basaltic later of crust that makes up the bottom of the ocean basins, continental crust, the thicker, less dense crust that makes up the foundation of the continents, continental drift, the theory supporting the possibility that continents are able to move over Earth's surface, plate tectonics, the process wehre large sections (plates) of the Earth's crust are in constant movement over the fluid mantle, causing earthquakes and volcanoes at the borders between the plates, lithosphere, the outermost later of Earth's crust, mid-ocean ridge, a mountain range with a central valley on an ocean floor at the boundary between two diverging tectonic plates, where new crust from from upwelling magma, paleomagnetic stripes, the pattern of magnetic stripes on the ocean floor due to reversals in the Earth's magnetic field and seafloor spreading, polarity, having two opposite states of being on either end (such as North and South pole, or the positive and negative end of a magnet), divergent boundary, where two tectonic plates are moving away from each other, convection current, the movement of fluids or air based on density differences caused by differing temperature, convergent boundary, when two or more tectonic plates come together, subduction, the process where one lithospheric plate slides below another at a convergent plate boundary, trench, a long, narrow and deep depression on the ocean floor with relatively steep sides; cauesd by convergent plate boundaries, volcano, a mountain or hill with a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapour and gas are being forced from the Earth's crust, tsunami, a seismic sea wave created by an underwater earthquake or volcanic event; not noticeable in the open ocean but building to great heights in shallow water, hydrothermal vent, an area where cold ocean water that has seeped into the Earth's crust is superheated by underlying magma and forced through vents in the ocean floor, transform boundary, when two plates are moving in an antiparallel direction, creating friction between them, abyssal plain, a flat, sandy region of the ocean floor found between trenches and the continental rise

2.1 Tectonic Processes

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