past necessity, I had to study again to retake the test., We ran out of gas so we needed to stop the car., lack of past necessity, I needn't have worried about the test - I got 100%!, I didn't have to retake the test because I passed., past deduction/speculation, Julie is not here. She might have forgotten our meeting..., Despite not speaking English, Natalia nailed the interview. It can't have been easy!, Lucas must have been at home yesterday because the lights were on., past regret/criticism, I shouldn't have lied to my family. They told me they wouldn't trust me again., My friend told me she was really sorry for lying to me. I admit having been harsh on her. I ought to have been more understanding...

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