Bacillus anthracis, Found in soil, found in animals, endospores develop under all conditions except in living body, 4 types (cutaneous, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, injection), non-communicable., Clostridium perfingens, Found in soil & intestine of humans/animals, Contaminates raw meat/poultry, Food poisoning by enterotoxins = diarrehea, Outbreaks in hospitals, cafeterias, prisons, nursing homes, events with catered food, Gas gangrene by soft tissue and wound infections, Infects through damaged/dead tissue and anaerobic conitions, Exotoxins cause damage, Ferments muscle carbohydrates = gas and tissue testurction, predisposing factors: surgical incision, compound fractures, diabetic ulcers, puncture wounds, gunshot wounds, Clostridium tetani, resident of soil and animal GI tracts, common in geriatric patients, IV abusers, neonates in developing countries, spores enter through puncture wounds, burns, umbilical stumps, frsotbite, crushed body parts, anaerobic environment for vegetative cells to grow/release toxin, neurotoxin = tetanospasmin. Causes paralysis by binding to motor nerve endings, blocks release of muscular contraction inhibiiton = constant contraction, tatanus antibodies inactivates circulating toxin (does not counteract what is already bound), Penicillin or tetracycline; muscle relaxants, Vaccine available, booster every 10 years, Clostridium difficile, Resident of colon in low number, broad spectrum antibiotics kill normal flora allowing it to grow, causes antibiotic-associated colitis, enterotoxins damage intestines, results from dysbiosis, Clostridium botulinum, anaerobe, found in soil and water, usually from home canned food, Botulism = intoxication associated with inadequate food preservation, Spores in gathered/processed food = air is removed and temperature is not met to kill spores = enviornment to germinate, toxin = botulin, botulin blocks neuromuscular junction release of ACh = no muscle contraction, causes double/blurred vision, difficulty swallowing, neuromuscular symptoms, flaccid paralysis, Infant botulism: flaccid paralysis, Wound botulism: spores enter wound, cause symptoms similar to food-borne botulism

Gram + Baccilli

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