1) Which of the following are sub-skills of literacy? a) reading as a decoding process b) handwriting c) writing for expression d) spelling e) reading for meaning 2) The Simple View of Reading (Hoover & Gough 1990) has two axes. What are the labels on these two axes? a) semantic processes b) language comprehension processes c) phonological awareness processes d) word recognition processes 3) The classification of reading & language abilities (Snowling & Stackhouse 2006) also has 2 axes. What are the labels at the end of EACH axis? a) good semantic skills b) impaired phonological skills c) good phonetic skills d) impaired syntactic skills e) good phonological skills f) impaired semantic skills 4) which of the following are sub-types of literacy impairment according to Snowling & Stackhouse (2006)? a) dyslexia b) dyscalculia c) garden-variety poor readers d) hyperlexia e) sublexia f) ortholexia 5) Which of the following is a CORE difficulty for both children with dyslexia and children with DLD? a) auditory processing difficulties b) attention difficulties c) phonological difficulties d) grammar e) semantics f) verbal working memory 6) what is the phonological deficit hypothesis of dyslexia? a) dyslexia is caused but a deficit in both semantics and phonology b) dyslexia is caused by a deficit in the phonological enzyme c) dyslexia is caused by children using phonological processes long after they should be suppressed d) dyslexia is caused by a difficulty in establishing and accessing phonological representations 7) the difficulties most reported by research into people with dyslexia are: a) verbal short term memory problems b) phonological awareness c) being able to recognise graphemes d) words moving on the page e) verbal processing speed 8) Which of Frith's (1985) phases of reading development is most important for being able to tackle new words? a) orthographic b) alphabetic c) logographic d) pre-literate e) direct analogy

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