Populism - An approach by politicians of trying to appeal to ordinary people by instituting changes that benefit them., Homestead - 160 acres of public lands in the West granted to any U.S. citizen willing to settle on and farm the land for at least five years., Dawes Act of 1887 - Federal law that encouraged the break up of Indian Reservations by offering families homesteads (160 acres or more) with the intent of assimilating Natives., Nativism - Popular movement advocating government policies that favor established "Americans" over immigrants. , Political Machines - A political party organization that recruits voter loyalty in exchange for rewards or special treatment., Urbanization - An increase in the number of people moving to and living in cities as opposed to rural areas., Philanthropy - Showing goodwill to humans usually through charitable gifts or acts. , Chinese Exclusionary Act 1882 - Nativist policy that banned entry of Chinese immigrants for ten-years as a way of preserving jobs for "Americans". , Political Boss - Leader of a political machine who controls votes and candidates., Industrialist - Someone who manages a major industry in the interest of profit. , Laissez-Faire - Policy that government should interfere as little as possible with the nation's economy., Monopoly - The majority ownership of an industry by a single person or group that allows for price fixing and unfair competition. , Trusts - A group of independent organizations formed to limit competition by controlling the production and distribution of a product or service., Robber Baron - Wealthy U.S. industrialists from the late nineteenth century who exploited resources to amass wealth, Bessemer Process - A process created to produce large quantities of steel; the blasting of air through molten iron to produce high quality, inexpensive steel., Andrew Carnegie - Scottish-born industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnagie Steel Company in 1892 and dominated the steel industry., John D. Rockefeller - American industrialist and philanthropist, founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business. , Thomas Edison - Inventor of the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures., Captains of Industry - A business leader who gains their fortune and contributed positively to the country through increased productivity, expansion of markets, providing more jobs, or acts of philanthropy., Samuel Gompers - Labor union leader that founded the AFL. He promoted strikes and collective bargaining to gain shorter hours, better pay and safer work conditions., Knights of Labor - First attempt at a National Labor Union that pushed to end child /convict labor, and equal pay for women.  , American Federation of Labor - A union of skilled workers from one or more trades which focused on collective bargaining (negotiation between labor and management) to reach written agreements on wages, hours and working conditions. , Interstate Commerce Act 1887 - First Law that allowed for the regulation of the railroad industry to fight price fixing and unfair competition. , Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 - Law that allowed the U.S. government to dissolve monopolies / trusts that demonstrated control of commerce across states or with foreign nations. ,

Unit #1--11th US History: Gilded Age Vocabulary

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