1) In a developing embryo, tissues such as muscle and nerve are produced by a) Somatic cells dividing by meiosis b) Germline cells dividing by meiosis c) Somatic cells dividing by mitosis d) Germline cells dividing by mitosis 2) The following steps occur during the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). 1. Binding of primer. 2. Replication of DNA. 3. Heating of sample DNA. 4. Separation of DNA strands. In which sequence do these steps occur? a) 1 → 2 → 4 → 3 b) 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 c) 3 → 4 → 1 → 2 d) 3 → 4 → 2 → 1 3) A genetic disorder of the nervous system results from a mutation in which a nucleotide is inserted into a gene. Which of the following types of mutation causes this genetic disorder? a) Nonsense b) Missense c) Translocation d) Frame-shift 4) During glycolysis, dehydrogenase enzymes catalyse the a) removal of hydrogen ions from NADH2 b) removal of hydrogen ions from citrate c) transfer of hydrogen ions to glucose d) transfer of hydrogen ions to NAD. 5) The diagram below represents a mitochondrion which has been magnified 10 000 times. What is the actual length of this mitochondrion? (1 mm = 1000 micrometres) a) 0·04 micrometres b) 0·4 micrometres c) 4 micrometres d) 40 micrometres 6) The diagram below represents some of the processes which occur at the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. Which letter represents the transfer of high energy electrons? a) W b) X c) Y d) Z 7) The diagram below represents connections between parts of the male reproductive system. Which arrow in the diagram does not represent a male reproductive hormone? a) A b) B c) C d) D 8) In the treatment of infertility, ovulation can be stimulated by drugs that prevent the negative feedback effect of a) oestrogen on LH secretion b) oestrogen on FSH secretion c) progesterone on LH secretion d) progesterone on FSH secretion. 9) During antenatal care, which two techniques can be used to obtain cells for production of a karyotype? a) Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis b) Ultrasound imaging and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) c) Amniocentesis and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) d) Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and ultrasound imaging 10) The inheritance of an allele for deafness is shown in the family tree below. This condition is controlled by an allele which is a) dominant and sex-linked b) recessive and sex-linked c) dominant and not sex-linked d) recessive and not sex-linked. 11) A section of DNA containing 8000 bases has 1200 cytosine bases. The number of adenine bases in this section of DNA is a) 800 b) 1200 c) 1400 d) 2800 12) Identify the RNA codon and anticodon for the DNA base sequence GAT. a) A b) B c) C d) D 13) At the end of the electron transport chain hydrogen ions and electrons combine with a) NAD b) ATP c) water d) oxygen. 14) Increased blood flow within an artery is the result of smooth muscle a) relaxation causing vasodilation b) contraction causing vasodilation c) relaxation causing vasoconstriction d) contraction causing vasoconstriction. 15) Transfer of information between cerebral hemispheres occurs through the a) medulla b) glial cells c) myelin sheath d) corpus callosum. 16) A function of glial cells is the production of a) axons b) myelin c) dopamine d) noradrenaline. 17) Which row in the table shows the type of stem cell that has the potential to form the greatest variety of specialised cells? a) A b) B c) C d) D 18) The graph shows how the concentration of product changes during an enzyme-controlled reaction. How long does it take the product concentration to reach 50% of its final concentration? a) 20S b) 22S c) 25S d) 28S 19) A metabolic pathway is shown. In end-product inhibition a) enzyme 3 binds to enzyme 1 b) enzyme 3 binds to metabolite P c) metabolite S binds to enzyme 1 d) metabolite S binds to metabolite P. 20) Mature red blood cells have no nucleus and no mitochondria. Which of the following processes can be carried out by a mature red blood cell? a) Glycolysis b) Cell division c) Protein synthesis d) Electron transport chain 21) During respiration most ATP is produced when a) electrons are passed through the membrane protein ATP synthase b) hydrogen ions are passed through the membrane protein ATP synthase c) electrons are pumped through the outer membrane of the mitochondrion d) hydrogen ions are moved along carriers in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion 22) During clot formation, thrombin a) forms prothrombin b) causes formation of fibrin threads c) causes the release of clotting factors d) forms a meshwork that clots the blood. 23) A person is 170 cm tall and weighs 70 kg. They have a body mass index (BMI) of a) 2.4 b) 24.2 c) 28.8 d) 41.2 24) Some individuals who suffer head injuries forget the events that happened a few seconds before the injury occurred. This memory loss is most likely to be due to the injury affecting a) Retrieval b) Displacement c) Long term memory d) Short term memory 25) A mature mRNA transcript is produced from a primary mRNA transcript by a) adding exons b) adding introns c) removing exons d) removing introns. 26) DNA probes are short fragments of DNA that a) allow RNA polymerase to begin transcription b) allow DNA polymerase to begin DNA replication c) are used to detect specific sequences in samples of DNA d) bind to specific target sequences in the PCR reaction to amplify DNA 27) In cellular respiration, the products of the electron transport chain are a) water and ATP b) oxygen and ATP c) NADH and FADH2 d) carbon dioxide and water. 28) The virus that causes influenza can evade the specific immune response by a) attacking phagocytes b) attacking lymphocytes c) surviving within phagocytes d) showing antigenic variation. 29) The diagram represents the female reproductive system. Which letter indicates the location where an intra-uterine device would be positioned to prevent pregnancy? a) A b) B c) C d) D 30) Which row in the table identifies components of the central and peripheral nervous systems? a) A b) B c) C d) D

Higher Human Biology Revision

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