1) Which of the following best describes what a research hypothesis is? a) A guess at what the answer to a research question may be. b) A list of the possible answers to a research question. c) A theory about the conclusions of your research. d) A statement of expectation about which possible answer may turn out to be correct. e) An experimental result you want to test in your research. f) A thesis you think your research will verify. 2) Typically, at least three hypotheses will be put forward in a research project. What are these called? a) The strong, the medium and the weak hypotheses. b) H0 , H+ and H-: Null, Positive and Negative hypotheses. c) H1, H2, H3: Main hypothesis and two sub-hypotheses. d) H1 ≼ 0, H1 ≽ 0, H1 = 0. e) A supporting hypothesis, a negating hypothesis and a neutral hypothesis. f) The best case, the worst case and the 'status quo'. 3) In a research methodology, what is described as the 'ontology' of the research framework? a) The overall description of the research area. b) The methods to be used in gathering and analysing data. c) The way the researcher validates whether the data is sound. d) The overall aims and objectives of the research project. e) The types of data required and the sample of sources from whom the data will be collected. f) The research findings generated from data analysis. 4) In a research methodology, what is described as the 'epistemology' of the research framework? a) The overall description of the research area. b) The way the researcher collects primary data. c) The way in which the researcher presents their data. d) Selection of methods for gathering, analysing and validating data. e) The way in which the researcher chooses their sample. f) The research findings generated from data analysis. 5) In some research using quantitative data, researchers seek to test a 'one-tailed' hypothesis. What does that mean? a) Only one variable relevant to the hypothesis is tested. b) The sample ignores data more than one standard deviation from the mean. c) A statistical test of significance where a variable may only diverge either more or less from the mean (but not both). d) A statistical test which measures the reliability of the data. e) The researcher does not consider the null hypothesis. f) The researcher rejects data values above the mean value. 6) In research using qualitative data, thematic analysis is proposed using either top-down or bottom-up methods. How do they differ? a) Top-down thematic analysis applies pre-defined themes to the data. Bottom-up allows themes to emerge from the data. b) Top-down thematic analysis emphasises general categories of response; bottom-up emphasises specific categories. c) Top-down thematic analysis is deductive; bottom-up is inductive. d) Top-down analysis concentrates on common meanings in the data; bottom-up concentrates on similar keywords. e) Top-down methods are recommended for questionnaire data; bottom-up for interview data. f) Top-down methods are most useful when the research area is well-known; bottom-up works better when the research area is less well-known. 7) True or False? When a researcher uses semi-structured interviews to gather data, all interviewees must be asked the same questions. a) True b) False 8) Using questionnaires or interviews, a researcher may ask 'open' or 'closed' questions. What is the difference? a) Open questions have many answers; closed questions have only one answer. b) Open questions provide a choice of possible answers; closed questions do not. c) Closed questions are "Yes / No" questions; open questions are not. d) Open questions include a "Don't Know" response; closed questions do not. e) Open questions have more choices than closed questions. f) Closed questions have pre-determined responses; open questions invite respondents to reply as they wish.

Hypothesis Framing

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